{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:35:36Z","timestamp":1787070936218,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n Psychoactive drugs are substances that, when taken in or administered into one\u2019s system, affect mental processes like perception, consciousness, cognition, mood, and emotions. The use of psychoactive substances often starts at a young age. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of psychoactive substance use among medical and paramedical undergraduate students of Lucknow.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n MATERIAL AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n A cross-sectional study was conducted among 492 MBBS, BDS, and BSc Nursing students of Lucknow. A predesigned pretested semistructured self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection and analysis by using the SPSS 26.0 version.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n The overall lifetime prevalence of \u201cEver use of the psychoactive substance\u201d was 46.1%, whereas the overall current psychoactive substance use (in the past 3 months) was 35.2%. The prevalence of lifetime alcohol use was the highest at 36.6%, followed by tobacco (22.4%) and cannabis (17.9%). The prevalence was seen to be higher in males than in females and the highest in fourth-year academic students compared to other years.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n The present study indicates that male students consume more psychoactive substances than female students. Effective interventions and strategies must be planned and implemented to reduce substance use among medical and paramedical students and overcome the issue of substance use by promoting a healthy lifestyle and coping skills.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_673_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T05:12:07Z","timestamp":1740719527000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Psychoactive substance use among medical and paramedical undergraduate students of Lucknow"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hariom","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivendra K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manish K.","family":"Manar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Prasad Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujita K.","family":"Kar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashant K.","family":"Bajpai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prabhakar","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, SGPGI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mili","family":"Sengar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, TS Misra Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20250228","first-page":"22","article-title":"Need for research in substance abuse in children and adolescents in India","volume":"9","author":"Nischal","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Indian Assoc Child Adolesc Ment Health"},{"key":"R4-20250228","first-page":"8","article-title":"Assessment of pattern, profile and correlates of substance use among children in 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Burdwan Municipality, West Bengal: A community based study","volume":"5","author":"Banerjee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Youth Adolesc Health"},{"key":"R12-20250228","first-page":"717","article-title":"Prevalence of psychoactive drug use among medical students in a medical college of Nepal","volume":"58","author":"Shrestha","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nepal Med Assoc"},{"key":"R13-20250228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.178617","article-title":"Substance abuse amongst the medical graduate students in a developing country","volume":"143","author":"Arora","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"R14-20250228","first-page":"6","article-title":"A study on prevalence and socio-demographic determinants of substance abuse among degree college students of Meerut city","volume":"18","author":"Zarin","year":"2019","journal-title":"IOSR J Dent Med Sci"},{"key":"R15-20250228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10053-0050","article-title":"Patterns of substance use in first year and final year medical students: A cross-sectional study","volume":"3","author":"Jaiswal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Recent Surg Med Sci"},{"key":"R16-20250228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.31729\/jnma.6525","article-title":"Psychoactive substance use among second-year and third-year medical students of a medical college: A descriptive cross-sectional study","volume":"59","author":"Sapkota","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nepal Med Assoc"},{"key":"R17-20250228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0238170","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238170","article-title":"Alcohol and substance use among first-year students at the University of Nairobi, Kenya: Prevalence and patterns","volume":"15","author":"Musyoka","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Journal of Education and Health 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