{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T17:29:02Z","timestamp":1787074142064,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mass Casualty Incidents (MCIs) are events in which a significant number of individuals sustain injuries, overwhelming the capacity and capabilities of local medical facilities and healthcare centers. Preparedness, along with a well-defined operational and execution plan for managing mass casualties in hospitals, is critical during disasters and emergencies. The absence of such a plan leads to an ineffective response to the incident and a worsening of the conditions in the hospital. This research aims to develop a response plan for managing these incidents in the hospital. MCIs occur when large numbers of people are injured, overwhelming local medical facilities. Having a clear action plan, along with preparedness critical for hospitals to manage these situations during disasters. Without such a plan, responses become ineffective and hospital conditions deteriorate. This research aims to develop a response plan for hospitals to manage these incidents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MATERIALS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This qualitative study will aim to develop a hospital response plan for mass casualties in traumatic incidents in Iran. Initially, a scoping review will be conducted to identify the components and elements of the response plan for mass casualties. Following this, semi-structured interviews will be held to obtain insights from experienced individuals, hospital managers, and experts in the health sector. In the next phase, a focus group discussion will be organized to develop the initial response plan for mass casualties in hospitals in Iran. Finally, the plan will be validated through a simulation and exercise based on a full-scale drill in a hospital. This study involves four phases: a scoping review to identify components, semi-structured interviews with experts, focused group discussions to develop the initial model, and validation through scenario-based drills.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study first defines the concept of mass casualties resulting from traumatic incidents and then, by identifying its various dimensions, proposes a hospital response plan for such incidents. This response plan helps hospitals effectively handle such incidents, ensuring optimal and efficient care for casualties.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_683_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T08:00:16Z","timestamp":1785484816000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Developing a hospital response plan for mass casualties in traumatic incidents: A study protocol"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Tajik-Nodijeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency & Disaster Health Department, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Golrokh","family":"Atighechian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Nasr Isfahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahid","family":"Tavakoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260818","first-page":"86","article-title":"Exploring barriers and facilitators of inter-organizational management in response to mass casualty traffic incidents: A qualitative study","volume":"9","author":"Sadat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bull Emerg 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