{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:33:29Z","timestamp":1787762009196,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The issue of child physical abuse (CPA) is complex and challenging to study. According to World Health Organization fact sheets for 2020, about 3 in 4 children between 2 and 4 years of age regularly face physical maltreatment by parents or caregivers. It may cause a lifelong impact on physical and mental health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the parents' knowledge and to evaluate the effectiveness of the structured teaching program (STP) regarding child physical abuse (CPA) among parents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS AND MATERIALS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pre-experimental, \u201cOne-group Pre-test Post-test design\u201d was adopted for this study. Parents of children who were admitted for treatment in the child psychiatry centre (CPC) of a tertiary care referral center between January 2019 and January 2020 were recruited for this study. Thirty parents were recruited with a convenience sampling technique. The study was conducted through an online platform (Zoom). Pre-test and post-tests were conducted through Google survey form. Data were collected with a self-developed knowledge questionnaire on CAP. An online structured teaching program (STP) was administered for three alternative days after the pre-test assessment. The post-test assessment was conducted at a two-point time, that is immediately after the STP and after the one-week gap. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The pre-test knowledge assessment means score regarding child physical abuse was found to be 12, with a standard deviation of 1.73. In the post-test one, 17.30 \u00b1 1.39 and in the post-test two, 16 \u00b1 1.55 with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001. Analysis revealed statistically significant improvement was found in the post-test knowledge regarding child physical abuse among the parents. There was no significant (p &lt; 0.05) relationship found between the socio-demographic variables of the participants and their pre-intervention knowledge scores on child physical abuse.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study findings reveal that parents have a fair knowledge of CPA and the STP was effective and feasible to administer in improving the subjects' knowledge regarding child physical abuse.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_73_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T14:32:05Z","timestamp":1688567525000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effectiveness of structured teaching program on parents' knowledge about child physical abuse"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Anamika","family":"Verma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Science (INI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radhakrishnan","family":"Govindan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Science (INI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajalakshmi","family":"Ramu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Science (INI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bino","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Science (INI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmv037","article-title":"Childhood experiences of physical, emotional and sexual abuse among college students in South India","volume":"61","author":"Bhilwar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"R2-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-018-0244-1","article-title":"Child physical abuse: Factors influencing the associations between self-reported exposure and self-reported health problems: A cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Annerb\u00e4ck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health"},{"key":"R3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001349","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001349","article-title":"The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Norman","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"R5-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105984","article-title":"Global prevalence of physical and psychological child abuse during COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"135","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"R7-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.01.002","article-title":"Prevalence of child abuse in Kerala, India: An ICAST-CH based survey","volume":"89","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"R8-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.14.140970","article-title":"The burden of child maltreatment in China: A systematic review","volume":"93","author":"Fang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"R12-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2008.01836.x","article-title":"Effects of childhood physical abuse on depression, problem drinking and perceived poor health status in adolescents living in rural Taiwan","volume":"62","author":"Yen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"R13-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21719","article-title":"Child physical abuse and adult mental health: A national study","volume":"25","author":"Sugaya","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"R14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2007.03.015","article-title":"Health outcomes related to early adolescent depression","volume":"41","author":"Keenan-Miller","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"R15-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.06.026","article-title":"Childhood physical abuse, non-suicidal self-harm and attempted suicide amongst regular injecting drug users","volume":"133","author":"Darke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"R16-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/10826080500391811","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation among young injection vs. non-injection drug users","volume":"41","author":"Havens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"key":"R17-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.114.1.68","article-title":"Long-term consequences of childhood physical abuse","volume":"114","author":"Malinosky-Rummell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"R19-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3525","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_366_19","article-title":"Assessment of knowledge and attitude about child abuse amongst parents visiting rural tertiary care hospital in central India","volume":"8","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R20-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.18203\/2349-3291.ijcp20201648","article-title":"Assessment of knowledge and attitude about child abuse amongst parents visiting a tertiary care hospital in Bengaluru, India","volume":"7","author":"Shankar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Contemp Pediatr"},{"key":"R21-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3126\/medphoenix.v3i1.20765","article-title":"Effectiveness of video assisted teaching program (VATP) on prevention and management of child abuse among mothers of children in selected rural area, Mangalore","volume":"3","author":"Malla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Phoenix"},{"key":"R22-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20205705","article-title":"Effectiveness of structured teaching program regarding child abuse on knowledge among mothers of school-age children at selected rural areas","volume":"8","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Community Med Public Health"},{"key":"R23-20240829","first-page":"89","article-title":"Mother's awareness about different types of child abuse in Taif region (Western KSA)","volume":"5","author":"Helmy","year":"2017","journal-title":"EC Paediatrics"}],"container-title":["Journal of Education and Health Promotion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jehp.jehp_73_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:10:53Z","timestamp":1787760653000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jehp.jehp_73_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jehp.jehp_73_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2277-9531","2319-6440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2277-9531","type":"print"},{"value":"2319-6440","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-16","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-28","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}