{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:17:24Z","timestamp":1787761044843,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Marking cartridges are an increasingly popular form of nonlethal training munitions used primarily for military live-fire simulations. We report a case of ocular trauma due to such a projectile, resulting in the complete loss of vision and placement of a scleral shell. A 20-year-old man presented with decreased visual acuity in his right eye after being struck at close range by a marking cartridge during military training. Computed tomography imaging revealed a retained metallic foreign body within a deflated right globe, prompting emergent exploration and repair of the right globe. Postoperative course was complicated by pain and pruritis which resolved over a period of months. Nonlethal weapons, such as marking cartridges, are increasingly used for civilian crowd control as well as military and law enforcement training. Despite guidelines mandating the use of personal protective equipment with marking cartridges, eye protection may not be consistently used during simulated combat exercises. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first formal report of ocular injury due to this type of ammunition. Based on this case, we discuss other similar types of nonlethal munition used by military and law enforcement, their risks to the eye and orbit, and what steps may be undertaken to reduce future injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jets.jets_108_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T23:44:15Z","timestamp":1669765455000},"page":"108-110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Military Marking Round Injury to the Globe"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Patrick James","family":"Donegan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew Allen","family":"De Niear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janice C.","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behin","family":"Barahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.08.028","article-title":"Risks of non-lethal weapon use: Case studies of three French victims of stinger grenades","volume":"223","author":"Scolan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"R3-8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2014.149","article-title":"Patterns of ocular injury from paintball trauma","volume":"28","author":"Tseng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eye (Lond"},{"key":"R4-8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(84)34159-8","article-title":"Ocular BB injuries","volume":"91","author":"Sternberg","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R5-8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700447","article-title":"Ocular rubber bullet injuries","volume":"17","author":"Lavy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eye (Lond"},{"key":"R6-8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.10.015","article-title":"Eye injury surveillance in the U.S. department of defense, 1996-2005","volume":"38","author":"Hilber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"R8-8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50S","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581816651607","article-title":"Safety assessment of nitrocellulose and collodion as used in cosmetics","volume":"35","author":"Fiume","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Toxicol"},{"key":"R9-8-20240828","first-page":"78","article-title":"A case of blindness caused by a 9 mm simunition marking cartridge","volume":"3","author":"Meyers","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Spec Oper Med"},{"key":"R10-8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)91340-5","article-title":"Injuries caused by plastic bullets compared with those caused by rubber bullets","volume":"1","author":"Rocke","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R11-8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.5325","article-title":"Ophthalmic Injuries by Less-Lethal Kinetic Weapons During the US George Floyd Protests in Spring 2020","volume":"139","author":"Ifantides","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R12-8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.07.001","article-title":"Ophthalmology and \u201cRubber Bullets\u201d","volume":"127","author":"Coleman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jets.jets_108_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:17:20Z","timestamp":1787757440000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jets.jets_108_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jets.jets_108_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0974-2700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0974-2700","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}}}