{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:28:46Z","timestamp":1786649326467,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n Emergency medical services (EMS) personnel are frequently exposed to challenging working conditions that may contribute to psychosocial risks. Understanding these risks is critical for improving occupational health and developing preventive strategies. This study aimed to identify psychosocial risk factors among EMS personnel in Artvin, Turkey.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed. Data were collected from 68 participants using a sociodemographic characteristics form and the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire. Nonparametric statistical tests, including the Mann\u2013Whitney\n U-<\/jats:italic>\n and Kruskal\u2013Wallis\n H<\/jats:italic>\n -tests, were used to analyze differences across groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Among the EMS personnel surveyed, 47.5% were found to be at high risk in at least one psychosocial domain. Statistically significant differences were observed based on gender and professional role. Specifically, female EMS workers reported higher levels of emotional demands (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.013) and work-privacy conflict (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.021) compared to males. Emergency medical technicians showed significantly higher stress scores compared to paramedics (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.031), while personnel working 24-h shifts had elevated levels of exhaustion (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.017). A moderate positive correlation was found between weekly working hours and stress levels (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.284,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). These findings highlight the need for tailored interventions based on specific risk factors.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n This study highlights the importance of addressing psychosocial risks in EMS settings. Factors such as professional role, working hours, and organizational support play a key role in shaping risk perception. Targeted interventions, including workload regulation, professional development, and supportive management strategies, are essential to enhance the well-being and resilience of EMS workers.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jets.jets_138_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T03:00:30Z","timestamp":1775790030000},"page":"77-84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychosocial Risks among Emergency Medical Services Personnel"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Elif Isik","family":"Demirarslan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260624","first-page":"534","article-title":"Acil sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan sa\u011fl\u0131k personelinin etik durum de\u011ferlendirmesi","volume":"6","author":"\u00c7elebi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adnan Menderes Univ Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bil Fak Derg"},{"key":"R2-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-024-01155-y","article-title":"Psychosocial working conditions and violence prevention climate in German emergency departments \u2013 A cross-sectional study","volume":"25","author":"Rei\u00dfmann","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Emerg Med"},{"key":"R3-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.38175\/phnx.895507","article-title":"Hastane \u00f6ncesi acil sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri ve COVID-19 hasta y\u00f6netimi","volume":"3","author":"Durmu\u015f","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phoenix Med J"},{"key":"R4-20260624","first-page":"1","article-title":"Examining levels of depression, anxiety, and stress experienced by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"7","author":"I\u015f\u0131k","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Arch Nurs Health Care"},{"key":"R5-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9572(03)00122-9","article-title":"First aid knowledge of alpine mountaineers","volume":"58","author":"Kuepper","year":"2003","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"R6-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.13014","article-title":"Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID-19 epidemic","volume":"28","author":"Mo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nurs Manag"},{"key":"R7-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.26559\/mersinsbd.1133654","article-title":"112 Acil ambulans hizmetlerinde i\u015f performans\u0131n\u0131n belirleyicileri","volume":"15","author":"Tekind\u00fcz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mersin Univ Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilim Derg"},{"key":"R8-20260624","article-title":"Intrusive emotional memories in emergency department personnel: characteristics and relevance of memory-related genes, cognitive and emotional processing","author":"Meine","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cogn Emot Process"},{"key":"R10-20260624","first-page":"1474","article-title":"Medical Social Work in Pre-Hospital Emergency Health Services: A Model Proposal for T\u00fcrkiye","volume":"12","author":"Ulucan","year":"2023","journal-title":"G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane University Journal of Health Sciences"},{"key":"R11-20260624","first-page":"1","article-title":"Determination of human resource management problems in emergency health services and prioritization by using analytic hierarchy process: Case of ambulance service","volume":"7","author":"K\u0131dak","year":"2016","journal-title":"S\u00fcleyman Demirel University Visionary Journal"},{"key":"R13-20260624","first-page":"18","article-title":"Parametrik ve parametrik olmayan \u00e7oklu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma testleri","volume":"1","author":"Gen\u00e7","year":"2018","journal-title":"Black Sea J Eng Sci"},{"key":"R15-20260624","first-page":"18","article-title":"The Power and Effectiveness of Nonparametric Techniques Electronic Journal of Social Sciences","volume":"9","author":"Karag\u00f6z","year":"2010"},{"key":"R16-20260624","first-page":"26","article-title":"Burnout in Healthcare Employees: A Comparative Research Before and During Covid-19 S\u00fcleyman Demirel Univ IIBF Derg","volume":"27","author":"Ery\u0131lmaz","year":"2022"},{"key":"R17-20260624","first-page":"393","article-title":"Investigation of the relations between work-family conflict, burnout and excess workload","volume":"26","author":"\u00c7\u0131ng\u0131","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hacettepe Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u0130daresi Derg"},{"key":"R18-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1108\/IJES-07-2023-0028","article-title":"Ambulance personnel\u2019s intention to quit and its associations: A multi-group comparison using structural","volume":"14","author":"Dao-Tran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Serv"},{"key":"R20-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14701","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192214701","article-title":"Factors associated with burnout in healthcare professionals","volume":"19","author":"Taranu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"R21-20260624","first-page":"66","article-title":"Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131nda psikososyal risk fakt\u00f6rlerini belirlemeye y\u00f6nelik bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma","volume":"2","author":"K\u0131r\u0131lmaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cult Soc Stud"},{"key":"R22-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.2918","article-title":"Contingency nursing management in designated hospitals during COVID-19 outbreak","volume":"86","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Glob Health"},{"key":"R23-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2022.01.028","article-title":"Emotional work stress reactions of emergency medical technicians involved in transporting out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with \u201cdo not attempt resuscitation\u201d orders","volume":"173","author":"Tanabe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"R24-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2017.02.011","article-title":"An analysis of the relationship between burnout, socio-demographic and workplace factors and job satisfaction among emergency department health professionals","volume":"34","author":"Tarcan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl Nurs Res"},{"key":"R25-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.8.39034","article-title":"Burnout and exposure to critical \u0131ncidents in a cohort of emergency medical services workers from minnesota","volume":"19","author":"Boland","year":"2018","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"key":"R26-20260624","first-page":"269","article-title":"The effect of organizational support on employee'sinnovative business behaviors and intention to turnover: A research on the manufacturing industry","volume":"21","author":"Ercan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences"},{"key":"R27-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-02863-x","article-title":"Newly graduated nurses\u2019 experiences of moral distress during transition process: A convergent mixed methods study","volume":"24","author":"Kovanci","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"key":"R29-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9361","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18179361","article-title":"Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders: Psychological and physical risk factors","volume":"18","author":"Krishnan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"R30-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4528","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16224528","article-title":"Physical and psychosocial work environmental risk factors for back \u0131njury among healthcare workers: Prospective cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Andersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"R31-20260624","first-page":"170","article-title":"Psychosocial effects of COVID-19 on health care workers: A cross-sectional study from tertiary level pediatric hospital","volume":"26","author":"Talat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann King Edward Med Univ"},{"key":"R32-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0220168","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220168","article-title":"Prevalence of tobacco use in healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Nilan","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R33-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-017-1231-1","article-title":"Associations between common diseases and work ability and sick leave among health care workers","volume":"90","author":"van den Berg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"R34-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2021.06.001","article-title":"Risk factors for burnout and depression in healthcare workers: The national AMADEUS study protocol","volume":"48","author":"Lucas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Encephale"},{"key":"R35-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487317711334","article-title":"Psychosocial risk factors in relation to other cardiovascular risk factors in coronary heart disease: Results from the EUROASPIRE IV survey. A registry from the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"24","author":"Pogosova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"R37-20260624","first-page":"411","article-title":"Assessment of psychosocial risks and affecting factors in active working life of nurses","volume":"11","author":"Babao\u011flu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Health Nurs Manag"},{"key":"R39-20260624","first-page":"2327","article-title":"Determining the relationship between psychological empowerment and psychosocial risks: A research in hospitality businesses","volume":"10","author":"T\u00fcrkan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Tour Gastronomy Stud"},{"key":"R40-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038986","article-title":"Psychosocial safety climate as a management tool for employee engagement and performance: A multilevel analysis","volume":"22","author":"Idris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Stress Manag"},{"key":"R41-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgdyn.2017.04.008","article-title":"Applying the job demands-resources model: A \u2018how to\u2019 guide to measuring and tackling work engagement and burnout","volume":"46","author":"Schaufeli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Organ Dyn"},{"key":"R42-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.5152\/TJAR.2018.34437","article-title":"Anaesthesiology and reanimation education in turkey: Residents\u2019 views","volume":"47","author":"Onat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim"},{"key":"R43-20260624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59074","DOI":"10.5812\/traumamon.59074","article-title":"Assessment of shift programs of emergency department health personnel in four hospitals providing medical training in Turkey and Iran: A brief report","volume":"23","author":"Tatli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trauma Mon"}],"container-title":["Journal of Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jets.jets_138_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:52:31Z","timestamp":1786647151000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jets.jets_138_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jets.jets_138_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0974-2700","0974-519X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0974-2700","type":"print"},{"value":"0974-519X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-25","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-07","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}