{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:02:34Z","timestamp":1787169754051,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n \n BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n Nicotine addiction has many consequences. The World Health Organization has classified nicotine dependence as a disorder of substance use. This study aimed to assess the dependence in users of different tobacco and\/or nicotine-containing products (TNPs).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n MATERIALS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n \n This analytical, cross-sectional study involved 211 TNP users in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. The data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire that consisted of two main sections. The first section included sociodemographic domain, TNP status domain, and the Stages of Change model domain. The second section of the instrument included the ABOUT dependence construct comprising 12 items. Independent\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -test, analysis of variance, and correlation analysis were used to assess the relationship between the study variables.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n \n Most users of TNPs exclusively used tobacco cigarettes (53.1%). Total dependence score was significantly associated with gender, marital status, age group, monthly income, nicotine concentration in electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) liquid, and the number of cigarettes smoked per day (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). Total dependence score was correlated with the duration of TNP usage (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.24,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), Switching attempts to another TNP (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.16,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.020), attempts of quitting TNPs (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.25,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), and willingness to quit (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = \u22120.37,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n Dependence was associated with gender, marital status, age group, monthly income, nicotine concentration in e-cigarette liquid, and the number of cigarettes smoked per day. It was also associated with duration of TNP usage, Switching attempts to another TNP, attempts of quitting TNPs and the willingness to quit.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfcm.jfcm_181_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T17:24:05Z","timestamp":1691169845000},"page":"30-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The degree of nicotine dependence among users of different tobacco and nicotine products in Madinah City, Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Rami M.","family":"Almutairi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Joint Program of Saudi Board of Preventive Medicine, Al-Madinah Almunawara, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami A. 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