{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:30:56Z","timestamp":1787758256566,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This meta-analysis aimed to pool all the available data to provide a well-powered assessment of the role of maternal Vitamin D levels in developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) because already published studies evaluating this association are small in sample size and yielded conflicting findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was performed. We searched electronic databases (PubMed and Cochrane Central) from inception to April 2021 for published and unpublished observational studies that determined the association between the reduction of Vitamin D levels and the risk of developing GDM in pregnant women. Results from studies were pooled as mean \u00b1 standard deviation (SD) and odds ratios (OR) using the random-effects model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty-four studies, consisting of 37,838 pregnant women were included in this meta-analysis. Dichotomous studies showed a significant association between maternal Vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of GDM (OR = 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.21-1.57;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.00001). Studies with continuous data also showed a significant association between maternal Vitamin D deficiency and the risk of developing GDM (weighted mean difference (WMD): \u20135.14 nmol\/L, 95% CI = \u20136.28 to -4.00;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P &lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.00001). Moderate heterogeneity was also detected.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In conclusion, all studies demonstrated that lower levels of maternal serum Vitamin D were associated with a higher risk of developing GDM in pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_107_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T07:34:07Z","timestamp":1666164847000},"page":"5569-5580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Association between vitamin D levels in early pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kaneez","family":"Fatima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-e-Urdu Road, Saddar, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muqaddus","family":"Asif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-e-Urdu Road, Saddar, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanwal","family":"Nihal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-e-Urdu Road, Saddar, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan Ul","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-e-Urdu Road, Saddar, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayeza Waseem","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-e-Urdu Road, Saddar, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marium","family":"Zahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Husban","family":"Burney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Asad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-e-Urdu Road, Saddar, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-e-Urdu Road, Saddar, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minahil Binte","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-e-Urdu Road, Saddar, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Abdullah","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-e-Urdu Road, Saddar, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20240828","first-page":"2098","article-title":"The effects of vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation on glucose homeostasis, inflammation, oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes:A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 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