{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:40:24Z","timestamp":1786650024949,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Diabetic autonomic neuropathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes which is asymptomatic in early stage. Hence HRV and AFT are performed to detect and prevent its progression to advanced stages. To discuss the HRV and AFT findings in diabetic patients. An observational study was conducted in Physiology department of AIIMS, Bhopal in collaboration with the Medicine department of the institute. Seventy-two diagnosed Type-2 Diabetes mellitus patients were examined using POWER LAB AND LAB CHART 8 BY AD INSTRUMENT: For recording heart rate variability (HRV) and Ewing\u2019s battery of tests: For Autonomic function testing. Microsoft Excel was utilized for data compilation and for result analysis. In the present study, based on HRV parameters sympathetic involvement was seen in 39% while parasympathetic involvement was seen in 15% of patients. Balanced state was observed in 46% of the patients. Based on AFT battery, normal early involvement was observed in 62% of the patients while definite and severe involvement was observed in 14 and 24%, respectively. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy was observed in 72% of the patients based on HRV and AFT testing. In severe involvement, orthostatic hypotension was seen. Severe involvement was observed in 24% of the patients in present study. Involvement of the vagal parasympathetic component of ANS was obvious evidenced by increase in resting heart rate, decrease in Valsalva ratio, E\/I index, and standing ratio. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy was observed in majority of patients with normal early involvement seen predominantly and though majority of them were in balanced state, sympathetic involvement was also seen at large. HRV studies depicted a decrease of total power, decreased low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) with LF\/HF and SD1\/SD2 ratios depicting sympathetic involvement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1128_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T09:05:19Z","timestamp":1736759119000},"page":"452-457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electrodiagnostic assessment of autonomic nervous system in diabetic autonomic neuropathy: Case series in 72 diabetes patients"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Suchitra","family":"Dube","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, AIIMS, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandip M.","family":"Hulke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santosh L.","family":"Wakode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagar","family":"Khadanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.1239","article-title":"Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetes: Clinical impact, assessment, diagnosis, and management","volume":"27","author":"Spallone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"R2-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.634949","article-title":"Diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy","volume":"115","author":"Vinik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R3-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-016-0467-0","article-title":"Can coefficient of variation of time-domain analysis be valuable for detecting cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in young patients with type 1 diabetes: A case control study","volume":"17","author":"Razanskaite-Virbickiene","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"R4-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S129797","article-title":"Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus: Current perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Fisher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"R5-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-019-00693-0","article-title":"Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in obesity, the metabolic syndrome and prediabetes: A narrative","volume":"10","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"key":"R6-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05316-z","article-title":"The prevalence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in prediabetes: A systematic review","volume":"64","author":"Eleftheriadou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"R7-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2018.0259","article-title":"Update on the impact, diagnosis and management of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetes: What is defined, what is new, and what is unmet","volume":"43","author":"Spallone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"key":"R8-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.5287","article-title":"Curbing the diabetes pandemic: The need for global policy solutions","volume":"313","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R9-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. 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