{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:59:11Z","timestamp":1787169551914,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Health economic studies offer valuable insights for improving healthcare decision-making and optimizing resource use. India\u2019s traditional medical systems, known as Ayush, are globally recognized. To document health economic studies in Ayush, we conducted a scoping review to examine their characteristics. We used a set of keywords as finalized by field experts to search in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Ayush research databases, and the reference lists of selected studies to retrieve the relevant studies until August 2023. Two independent reviewers used the Rayyan web tool to screen the titles, abstracts, and full texts of selected studies. We extracted the information and presented the descriptive data as numbers and proportions. We reviewed 49 studies for data extraction, primarily focusing on Homeopathy and Yoga, each with 19 studies, followed by Naturopathy (n = 5), Ayush\/combined (n = 5), and Ayurveda (n = 1). About one-third of the studies were full economic evaluations (n = 17). The majority of full and partial economic evaluation studies were conducted in Yoga (n = 11) and Homeopathy (n = 16), respectively. Most studies covered musculoskeletal diseases (n = 13), and more than half of the diseases belong to noncommunicable diseases (n = 28). The majority of the research studies were published in Q1 journals (n = 18). Health economic evaluation studies in Ayush are limited, yet their utilization and market size are growing. To support resource allocation and decision-making, comprehensive economic evaluation studies on Siddha, Unani, and Ayurveda systems are essential. This scoping review highlights the need to address existing knowledge gaps in this area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1211_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T14:00:30Z","timestamp":1779544830000},"page":"1515-1523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Health economic evaluation studies in India\u2019s traditional system of medicine (Ayush): A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sendhilkumar","family":"Muthappan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Systems Research, ICMR National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR-NIE), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhavani Shankara","family":"Bagepally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Systems Research, ICMR National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR-NIE), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muniyandi","family":"Malaisamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Economics, ICMR National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Retna","family":"Sheeja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Systems Research, ICMR National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR-NIE), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Systems Research, ICMR National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR-NIE), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sruthi","family":"Venugopal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Systems Research, ICMR National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR-NIE), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adisha","family":"Bhaskaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Systems Research, ICMR National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR-NIE), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manickam","family":"Ponnaiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Systems Research, ICMR National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR-NIE), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical Research-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"R3-20260603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462321000179","article-title":"Evaluating traditional and complementary medicines:Where do we go from here?","volume":"37","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Technol Assess Health Care"},{"key":"R6-20260603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e739895","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/739895","article-title":"Traditional medicines in the world:Where to go next?","author":"Pan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Altern Med 2014"},{"key":"R10-20260603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680609901206","article-title":"A brief history of homeopathy","volume":"99","author":"Loudon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"R12-20260603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-021-03432-w","article-title":"Utilization of complementary and traditional medicine practitioners among middle-aged and older adults in India:Results of a national survey in 2017\u20132018","volume":"21","author":"Pengpid","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Complement Med Ther"},{"key":"R17-20260603","article-title":"Medicines Adherence:Involving patients in decisions about prescribed medicines and supporting adherence","year":"2009","journal-title":"Royal College of General Practitioners (UK)"},{"key":"R18-20260603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2015.11.005","article-title":"Importance of Economic Evaluation in Health Care:An Indian Perspective","volume":"9","author":"Dang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Value Health Reg Issues"},{"key":"R19-20260603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2012.01.021","article-title":"Health economics and outcomes research within drug development:Challenges and opportunities for reimbursement and market access within biopharma research","volume":"17","author":"Van","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"R20-20260603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462321000386","article-title":"Promoting health economic evaluation studies in the AYUSH system of medicine:the need of the hour","volume":"37","author":"Muthappan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Technol Assess Health Care"},{"key":"R21-20260603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR):Checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R24-20260603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s13561-023-00446-7","article-title":"Global trends in the scientific research of the health economics:A bibliometric analysis from 1975 to 2022","volume":"13","author":"Barbu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Econ Rev"},{"key":"R26-20260603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoy.ijoy_106_23","article-title":"The transformative impact of the International day of yoga","volume":"16","author":"Manjunath","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Yoga"},{"key":"R27-20260603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-6131.123470","article-title":"In search of yoga:Research trends in a western medical database","volume":"7","author":"McCall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Yoga"},{"key":"R28-20260603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.36401\/JQSH-20-4","article-title":"Health economic publications from the Middle East and North Africa Region:A scoping review of the volume and methods of research","volume":"3","author":"Zrubka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glob J Qual Saf Healthc"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1211_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:09:22Z","timestamp":1787166562000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1211_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1211_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2249-4863","2278-7135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2249-4863","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-7135","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-03","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-11","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}