{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:21:45Z","timestamp":1789662105474,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Khat is an evergreen plant and its fresh green leaves and buds are chewed for several hours a day for its psychostimulant response. This study aimed to review the effects of khat chewing on the body. PubMed was searched for literature on the different aspects of khat chewing to summarize its effects on different body systems. The major effects of khat chewing are those on the cardiovascular system including increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, and increased risk of myocardial infarction. It causes insomnia, stress, depression, hallucination, and increased risk of brain stroke. It causes dental caries, bad oral hygiene, periodontitis, increased oral mucosal ulcers, and increased gingival bleeding and recession. Khat chewing causes loss of appetite, gastritis, constipation, and hemorrhoids, and increased risk of hepatotoxicity and liver cirrhosis. Ultimately, it causes weak micturition, decreased sperm motility and count, and low birth-weight offspring in khat chewing mothers. The published articles about khat chewing in journals indexed in the PubMed was reviewed. Inclusion criteria involved each article available with English language and have a reported new effect of khat chewing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1254_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,5]],"date-time":"2022-02-05T02:28:29Z","timestamp":1644028109000},"page":"32-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Risks of khat chewing on the cardiovascular, nervous, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sultan Abdulwadoud","family":"Alshoabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullgabbar M.","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moawia B.","family":"Gameraddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awadia G.","family":"Suliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awatif M.","family":"Omer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamal D.","family":"Alsultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul-Rub A.","family":"Binmodied","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed A.","family":"Alhamadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.15171\/ijoem.2015.537","article-title":"Qat chewing and risk of potentially malignant and malignant oral disorders:A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"El-Zaemey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R2-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-020-00265-8","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for khat use among youth students in Ethiopia:Systematic review and meta-analysis, 2018","volume":"19","author":"Alemu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R3-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S354","DOI":"10.4103\/pm.pm_442_16","article-title":"Catha edulis Forsk. 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