{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T19:29:05Z","timestamp":1789241345062,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetes mellitus is a multisystem disorder, which is one of the most prevalent and important non-infectious causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic cataracts are well-known complications, dry eye syndrome (DES), also referred to as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is also common in the diabetic population. If left untreated, severe dry eye may lead to eye inflammation, abrasion of the corneal surface, corneal ulcers, and vision loss. So, it is very important to diagnose it earlier as these devastating complications can be prevented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 200 adult patients diagnosed with type II diabetes of either sex with an age more than 40 years were selected. Complete ophthalmological examination was done. Dry eye was diagnosed on the basis of various objective tests, and proportion of dry eye and its relation with glycemic control were studied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with uncontrolled type II diabetes had a higher proportion of dry eye disease. A significant co-relation was found among the FBS levels, the HbA1c levels, age, duration of disease, and dry eye in patients with diabetes. No significant co-relation was found between the sex of the patient and dry eye in patients with diabetes. Hence, our study recommends that primary care physicians should advise their patients to get clinical evaluation for dry eye done along with diabetic retinopathy in uncontrolled diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1268_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T08:01:50Z","timestamp":1713772910000},"page":"1311-1315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Proportion of dry eye in type II diabetics"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Gagandeep K.","family":"Brar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College, Faridkot, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maninder","family":"Bawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, CHC Kot Jse Khan, Moga, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charu","family":"Chadha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College, Faridkot, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Twinkle","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College, Faridkot, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harnoor","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College, Faridkot, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.3129\/i08-074","article-title":"Diabetes as a possible predisposer for blepharitis","volume":"43","author":"Ghasemi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.03.024","article-title":"IDF diabetes atlas: Global estimates for the prevalence of diabetes for 2015 and 2040","volume":"128","author":"Ogurtsova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"R3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.5.1047","article-title":"Global prevalence of diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030","volume":"27","author":"Wild","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2291-5","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and\/or impaired glucose tolerance) in urban and rural India: Phase I results of the Indian Council of Medical Research-INdia DIABetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study","volume":"54","author":"Anjana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"R5-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1909","article-title":"Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"35","author":"Yau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70081-2","volume":"5","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"R8-20240828","first-page":"8201053","article-title":"Dry eye syndrome in patients with diabetes mellitus: Prevalence, etiology, and clinical characteristics","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol 2016"},{"key":"R9-20240828","first-page":"235","article-title":"[The dry eye and diabetes mellitus","volume":"91","author":"Seifart","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"key":"R10-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.08.002","article-title":"Self-reported dry eyes and diabetic history","volume":"77","author":"Hom","year":"2006","journal-title":"Optometry"},{"key":"R11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-8-10","article-title":"Prevalence of dry eye syndrome and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"8","author":"Manaviat","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1268_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:33:21Z","timestamp":1787769201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1268_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1268_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2249-4863","2278-7135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2249-4863","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-7135","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-03","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-19","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}