{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:26:09Z","timestamp":1787775969698,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>India contributes to the highest number of neonatal deaths in the world, a fourth of the world\u2019s total. Targeted interventions can be planned after a specific analysis of region-specific causes if India is to achieve the sustainable development goal (SDG 3.2) of neonatal mortality of 12 per 1000 live births.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective study of medical records of all neonates admitted in the special care neonatal unit (SCNU) over the 6-year period of 2018\u201323 at a teaching medical college.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 9462 neonates were admitted over the 6-year period. The trends in mortality were encouraging, declining from 19.40% in 2018 to 12.34% in 2023. The reduction was more in outborn (24.32% to 11.68%) than inborn (14.86% to 12.89%) neonates. The low birth rate also declined from 40.77% in 2018 to 25% in 2023. The rate of discharges went up. The trends in etiology of death were uniform over the years with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (37.24%), hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) (29.5%), sepsis (16.12%), prematurity (11.45%), and congenital malformations (2.47%) being the chief contributors to death among newborns admitted in SNCU.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The trends are encouraging but may be insufficient to meet the target of SDG 3.2. Further targeted intervention to tackle preventable cause, such as perinatal asphyxia, sepsis, better antenatal care, and better management of preterm neonates on mission mode, is need of the hour as they continue to contribute significantly to neonatal mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1276_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T09:05:46Z","timestamp":1736759146000},"page":"201-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neonatal mortality outcome and trends: A 6-year retrospective analysis from a North Indian teaching college hospital"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ritu","family":"Rakholia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College and Dr. Susheela Tiwari Hospital, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd","family":"Maroof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Rani Durgavati Medical College, Banda, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damini","family":"Kharkwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College and Dr. Susheela Tiwari Hospital, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gurpreet","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College and Dr. Susheela Tiwari Hospital, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61461-4","article-title":"Causes of neonatal and child mortality in India:A nationally representative mortality survey","volume":"376","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R3-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2016.183","article-title":"State of newborn health in India","volume":"36","author":"Sankar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"R4-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32162-1","article-title":"Changes in cause-specific neonatal and 1-59-month child mortality in India from 2000 to 2015:A nationally representative survey","volume":"390","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R5-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.03.040","article-title":"Neonatal death:Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data","volume":"34","author":"Pathirana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"R7-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0001240","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001240","article-title":"Improving neonatal health with family-centered, early postnatal care:A quasi-experimental study in India","volume":"3","author":"Murthy","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Glob Public Health"},{"key":"R8-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e710","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30163-9","article-title":"National, regional, and global levels and trends in neonatal mortality between 1990 and 2017, with scenario-based projections to 2030:A systematic analysis","volume":"7","author":"Hug","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"R11-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-320217","article-title":"Global incidence and mortality of neonatal sepsis:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"106","author":"Fleischmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"R12-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e023875","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023875","article-title":"Trends, patterns and predictive factors of infant and child mortality in wellperforming and underperforming states of India:A secondary analysis using National Family Health Surveys","volume":"9","author":"Bhatia","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"R14-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.4103\/2348-3334.142983","article-title":"Neonatal morbidity and mortality of sick newborns admitted in a teaching hospital of Uttarakhand","volume":"1","author":"Rakholia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chrismed J Health Res"},{"key":"R15-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.26611\/10112014","article-title":"An Assessment of 7 Years'mortality pattern of Neonates Admitted in Special Newborn Care Unit (SNCU) of Jalgaon, Maharashtra","volume":"20","author":"Malkar","year":"2021","journal-title":"MedPulse Inter J Comm Med"},{"key":"R16-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31050-3","article-title":"Mapping neonatal and under5 mortality in India","volume":"395","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R17-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.32677\/IJCH.2020.v07.i07.005","article-title":"Pattern of neonatal morbidity and mortality:A retrospective study in a special newborn care unit, Mumbai","volume":"7","author":"Randad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Child Health"},{"key":"R18-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.18203\/2349-3291.ijcp20212476","article-title":"Morbidity profile and outcome of neonates admitted in a secondary level SNCU in district Udhampur in Jammu and Kashmir","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Contemp Pediatr"},{"key":"R19-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-8118-x","article-title":"Neonatal mortality and associated factors in the specialized neonatal care unit Asmara, Eritrea","volume":"20","author":"Andegiorgish","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"R21-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_2025_21","article-title":"Burden of disease and survival rate amongst hospitalized newborns in Himalayan region in North India","volume":"11","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R22-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-021-00771-5","article-title":"Causes and age of neonatal death and associations with maternal and newborn care characteristics in Nepal:A verbal autopsy study","volume":"80","author":"Erchick","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Public Health"},{"key":"R23-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihaa070","article-title":"Trends, patterns and cause-specific neonatal mortality in Tanzania:A hospital-based retrospective survey","volume":"13","author":"Chacha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1276_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:46:53Z","timestamp":1787773613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1276_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1276_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2249-4863","2278-7135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2249-4863","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-7135","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-26","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-21","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}