{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:35:00Z","timestamp":1791498900405,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The relationship between nutrition and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases is logically proven. Nutrition affects the immune system and the health of the organs. Inadequate dietary intake endangers the immune system, which itself increases susceptibility to disease and often culminates in active disease. The disease then reduces the body\u2019s appetite and ability to absorb nutrients, and the cycle continues. Considering the importance of the role of nutrition in the health of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, this current review aimed to discuss the different diets and their effects on tuberculosis (TB) prevention in HIV patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method and Materials:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study evaluates the important points related to AIDS and the prevention and treatment of this disease by considering the diet and known scientific cases during the last 10 years, in simple terms, the prevalence of this disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Articles were searched by valid databases in May 2021. The findings showed that in addition to malnutrition, the high prevalence of infectious diseases can have serious consequences for public health. Many people will be safe from getting infections if there are safe and effective interventions for many of these infectious diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on the information presented herein, it is clear that TB affects the nutritional status. Many patients with active TB experience severe weight loss, and many people with the symptoms show a lack of vitamins and minerals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1289_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T01:12:59Z","timestamp":1648516379000},"page":"1369-1376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Different diets and their effect on tuberculosis prevention in HIV patients"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Hamidreza","family":"Kouhpayeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical and Infectious Diseases Department, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran"},{"name":"Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Research Center, Emam Ali Hospital, Zahedan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001123","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001123","article-title":"Phylogenetic approach reveals that virus genotype largely determines HIV set-point viral load","volume":"6","author":"Alizon","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"B2-20240828","first-page":"1881","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency viruses and their replication","author":"Luciw","year":"1996","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/17130","article-title":"Origin of HIV-1 in the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes","volume":"397","author":"Gao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a006841","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006841","article-title":"Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic","volume":"1","author":"Sharp","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"B5-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1256739","article-title":"HIV epidemiology. The early spread and epidemic ignition of HIV-1 in human populations","volume":"346","author":"Faria","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B6-20240828","first-page":"43","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus transmission","author":"Nanjul","year":"2014","journal-title":"Global View of HIV Infection. Publish with IntechOpen"},{"key":"B10-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.15215\/aupress\/9781927356111.013","article-title":"Nutritional management of HIV\/AIDS, TB, and other infectious diseases","author":"Naude","year":"2016","journal-title":"Community Nutrition for Developing Countries"},{"key":"B11-20240828","first-page":"16","article-title":"Tuberculosis in HIV\/AIDS patients","volume":"1","author":"Gjergji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Tech Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"B12-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-S1-S5","article-title":"Tuberculosis and HIV coinfection in children","volume":"14","author":"Venturini","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"B13-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S313","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265100314S403","article-title":"Role of nutrition in HIV infection:Review of evidence for more effective programming in resource-limited Settings","volume":"31","author":"de Pee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"key":"B14-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.5.1135","article-title":"Vitamin D status in adolescents and young adults with HIV infection","volume":"83","author":"Stephensen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"B15-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2008.0058","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency among HIV type 1-infected individuals in the Netherlands:Effects of antiretroviral therapy","volume":"24","author":"Van Den Bout-Van Den Beukel","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"B16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2008.0183","article-title":"High frequency of vitamin D deficiency in ambulatory HIV-positive patients","volume":"25","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"B17-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1086\/605699","article-title":"Perinatal outcomes, including mother-to-child transmission of HIV, and child mortality and their association with maternal vitamin D status in Tanzania","volume":"200","author":"Mehta","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B18-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199509000-00010","article-title":"Micronutrients and HIV-1 disease progression","volume":"9","author":"Baum","year":"1995","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"B19-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(98)00012-4","article-title":"Urinary excretion and plasma vitamin E levels in patients with AIDS","volume":"14","author":"Jordao Junior","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"B20-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.1.182","article-title":"Micronutrient status during lactation in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected South African women during the first 6 mo after delivery","volume":"85","author":"Papathakis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"B22-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09117-2","article-title":"Unknown HIV status and the TB\/HIV collaborative control program in Ethiopia:Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Arega","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(99)00003-9","article-title":"Tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and malnutrition in Burundi","volume":"15","author":"Niyongabo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"B24-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05706-z","article-title":"Effects of undernutrition on mortality and morbidity among adults living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Alebel","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"B25-20240828","first-page":"11","article-title":"Nutrition in HIV:A review","author":"Houtzager","year":"2009","journal-title":"Benin J Postgraduate Med"},{"key":"B26-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325958220976254","DOI":"10.1177\/2325958220976254","article-title":"Predictors of under nutrition and its implication toward HIV continuum care among adult people living with HIV in Jimma zone public hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia:A mixed method study","volume":"19","author":"Tekelehaimanot","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care"},{"key":"B27-20240828","first-page":"9","article-title":"Undernutrition and mortality among adult tuberculosis patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"2020","author":"Seid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hindawi Adv Prev Med"},{"key":"B29-20240828","first-page":"7491702","article-title":"Improvement of nutritional status among tuberculosis patients by channa striata supplementation:A true experimental study in Indonesia","volume":"2020","author":"Ma'rufi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"B30-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-020-00726-x","article-title":"Latent tuberculosis and HIV infection","volume":"22","author":"Bares","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep"},{"key":"B31-20240828","first-page":"4100","volume":"10","author":"White","year":"2020","journal-title":"Patterns and predictors of comorbidities in Tuberculosis:A cross-sectional study in the Philippines"},{"key":"B32-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.5588\/pha.13.0028","article-title":"Nutritional status of HIV-infected women with tuberculosis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","volume":"3","author":"Bakari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Public Health Action"},{"key":"B33-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413427","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1413427","article-title":"Assessing the impact of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) on tuberculosis incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among adult patients enrolled on ART in Nekemte town Western Ethiopia:A retrospective cohort study","volume":"2019","author":"Tiruneh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis"},{"key":"B34-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7912-9","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among HIV-positive adults on antiretroviral therapy at Debre Markos referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia:A retrospective record review","volume":"19","author":"Temesgen","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B35-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4786-y","article-title":"Nutritional deficiency and associated factors among new pulmonary tuberculosis patients of Bale Zone Hospitals, Southeast Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"Hussien","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"B36-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2010.00825.x","article-title":"Second-line treatment in the Malawi antiretroviral programme:High early mortality, but good outcomes in survivors, despite extensive drug resistance at baseline","volume":"11","author":"Hosseinipour","year":"2010","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"B37-20240828","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nutritional status of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis receiving anti-tuberculosis treatment at bp Koirala institute of health sciences, Nepal","volume":"8","author":"Subedi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nurs Health Sci"},{"key":"B38-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-020-00212-z","article-title":"Effect of tuberculosis infection on mortality of HIV-infected patients in Northern Tanzania","volume":"48","author":"Mollel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"},{"key":"B39-20240828","first-page":"464","article-title":"Outcome of TB in HIV patients treated with standard regimen","volume":"71","author":"Rasoolinejad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tehran Univ Med J"},{"key":"B40-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmy.ijmy_48_18","article-title":"Drug-resistant Tuberculosis in Ethiopia:Characteristics of cases in a referral hospital and the implications","volume":"7","author":"Worku","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mycobacterial"},{"key":"B41-20240828","first-page":"75","article-title":"HIV screening among TB patients and level of antiretroviral therapy and co-trimoxazole preventive therapy for TB\/HIV patients in Hawassa University Referral Hospital:A five-year retrospective study","volume":"28","author":"Simieneh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pan Afri Med J"},{"key":"B42-20240828","first-page":"125","article-title":"Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus among tuberculosis patients in Khartoum state","volume":"8","author":"Kwami","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Microbiol Exp"},{"key":"B43-20240828","first-page":"9","article-title":"Drug-resistant tuberculosis and HIV infection:Current Perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"HIV AIDS (Auckl)"},{"key":"B44-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1214-3","article-title":"Treatment outcomes in multidrug resistant tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus co-infected patients on anti-retroviral therapy at Sizwe tropical disease hospital Johannesburg, South Africa","volume":"15","author":"Umanah","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"B45-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa257","article-title":"Enhanced human immunodeficiency virus-1 replication in CD4+T cells derived from individuals with latent mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection","volume":"222","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B46-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12010236","article-title":"A review of micronutrients and the immune system-working in harmony to reduce the risk of infection","volume":"12","author":"Gombart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B47-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E5636","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1611987113","article-title":"CD4+T-cell-independent mechanisms suppress reactivation of latent tuberculosis in a macaque model of HIV coinfection","volume":"113","author":"Foreman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B48-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092491","article-title":"Association of dietary micronutrient intake with pulmonary tuberculosis treatment failure rate:A cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Xiong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1289_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:10:49Z","timestamp":1787166649000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1289_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1289_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["2249-4863","2278-7135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2249-4863","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-7135","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-04-29","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-28","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}