{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:30:34Z","timestamp":1790094634109,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Childhood obesity has become an epidemic, and morbid obesity affects a significant portion of the population in India. The most prevalent type of chronic liver ailment in overweight and obese children worldwide is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This study is undertaken to assess the prevalence of NAFLD and associated risk factor among overweight and obese children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study was carried out in 230 overweight and obese children aged 5\u201315 years, who visited the pediatric outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Jharkhand. Measurements included anthropometry, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lipid profile and ultrasonography to diagnose NAFLD. The variables were compared between participants with and without NAFLD, and logistic regression analysis was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of NAFLD was 44% among overweight and obese children, while BMI, history of hypertension in family, gestational hypertension, exclusive breastfeed, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, ALT and AST were statistically associated with participants with NAFLD. On multiple logistic regression analysis serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C and ALT were independently associated with NAFLD with odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 19 (1.3 \u2013 279.1,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value = 0.03), 17 (1.6 \u2013 200,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value = 0.02), 46 (3.9 \u2013 541.7,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value = 0.002) and 161 (3.4 \u2013 7524.6,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value = 0.01), respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An independent association was observed for serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C and ALT in overweight and obese children with NAFLD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1312_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T10:01:15Z","timestamp":1745575275000},"page":"1218-1224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among overweight and obese children from a teaching institution of Jharkhand: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Tanishq","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarthak","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Vinayagamoorthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saroj Kumar","family":"Tripathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Archana","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumi","family":"Kundu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250515","first-page":"1","article-title":"Childhood Obesity:A Global Public Health Crisis","volume":"3","author":"Karnik","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"R2-20250515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4863.154628","article-title":"Childhood obesity:Causes and consequences","volume":"4","author":"Sahoo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R3-20250515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2019-318063","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and childhood obesity","volume":"106","author":"Shaunak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"R4-20250515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2015.05.013","article-title":"Addressing childhood obesity:Opportunities for prevention","volume":"6","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"R5-20250515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-023-2962-6","article-title":"Dyslipidemia among overweight and obese children in Jharkhand:A hospital-based study","volume":"60","author":"Sinha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"R6-20250515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2019-0403","article-title":"Predictors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among children with obesity","volume":"33","author":"Mohamed","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R7-20250515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602588","article-title":"Predictors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children","volume":"61","author":"Sartorio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Clin 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Sci"},{"key":"R11-20250515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1966_16","article-title":"Prevalence, clinical and biochemical correlates of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in overweight adolescents","volume":"148","author":"Jain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"R12-20250515","first-page":"853","article-title":"Most overweight and obese Indian children have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"15","author":"Pawar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"R13-20250515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-021-01198-0","article-title":"Screening for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among obese and overweight children:Prevalence and predictors","volume":"41","author":"Thiagarajan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R14-20250515","article-title":"Childhood Obesity, Standard Treatment Guidelines 2022","author":"Bajpai","journal-title":"Indian academy of Pediatrics"},{"key":"R15-20250515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2573","article-title":"Pediatric obesity\u2014assessment, treatment, and prevention:An endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"102","author":"Styne","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"22","key":"R16-20250515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8078","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i36.8078","article-title":"Pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:Recent solutions, unresolved issues, and future research directions","volume":"28","author":"Clemente","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R17-20250515","first-page":"e356","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children and the relationship between metabolic syndrome criteria","volume":"8","author":"Boyraz","year":"2014","journal-title":"ObesRes Clin Pract"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary 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