{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:23:00Z","timestamp":1787844180260,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"\n A\n BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n <\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n In 2015, Uttar Pradesh saw 83% of induced abortions occur in nonfacility settings using medical methods. Despite the availability of approved facilities, many women still opted for less safe methods. This study aims to understand the sociodemographic and reproductive factors that lead women with access to approved facilities to choose nonfacility settings for pregnancy termination.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n \n A cross-sectional study was conducted on women in the reproductive age group (15\u201349 years) attending the Obstetrics and Gynaecology OPD of a tertiary care hospital in Lucknow who responded to having an induced abortion in the 5 years preceding the interview. The study duration was 6 months from 1\n st<\/jats:sup>\n July 2019 to 31\n st<\/jats:sup>\n December 2019.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results and Observations:<\/jats:title>\n The induced abortion by MMA (Medical Methods of Abortion) in nonfacility settings contributed to 47.5 per cent of all the abortions induced in the last 5 years among the women of reproductive age group with access to a facility approved for MTP. A history of previous induced abortion, no history of using any method of contraception before index conception, and age of 27 years or less, were found to be independent predictors for using MMA in nonfacility settings for inducing abortion, with aOR of 4.04 (95% CI: 1.66\u20139.84), 3.25 (95% CI: 1.46\u20137.26), and 2.38 (95% CI: 1.12\u20135.09), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Boosting the trust of women, especially the younger women, in approved facilities is crucial. The findings highlight the need for strategies to improve access to safe abortion services, promote contraceptive use, and address societal pressures and gender biases that influence women\u2019s reproductive decisions in the form of comprehensive abortion care (CAC). Future research could further explore these factors and develop interventions to promote safer abortion practices and prevent unnecessary abortions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_13_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T10:00:17Z","timestamp":1770372017000},"page":"214-219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non-facility MMA (Medical Methods of Abortion) use for induced abortion: A study of women with access to safe abortion services in Lucknow"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shruti","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjoo","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anish","family":"Khanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"R6-20260206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3090","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20212960","article-title":"A retrospective study on causes of unsafe abortions in referred patients, at a tertiary care centre in western Uttar Pradesh","volume":"10","author":"Kulshrestha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R7-20260206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-024-03410-7","article-title":"Factors influencing abortion care-seeking outside of formal healthcare settings: Lived experiences from Rwandan young women","volume":"24","author":"Ndayisenga","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"R8-20260206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13912-4","article-title":"Examining the rural-urban divide in predisposing, enabling, and need factors of unsafe abortion in India using Andersen's behavioral model","volume":"22","author":"Rahaman","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"R9-20260206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31794-4","article-title":"Global, regional, and subregional classification of abortions by safety, 2010-14: Estimates from a Bayesian hierarchical model","volume":"390","author":"Ganatra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R10-20260206","year":"2021","journal-title":"National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), India, 2019-21: Uttar Pradesh. Mumbai"},{"key":"R11-20260206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/sifp.12140","article-title":"Induced abortion incidence and safety in Rajasthan, India: Evidence that expansion of services is needed","volume":"51","author":"Ahmad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stud Fam Plann"},{"key":"R12-20260206","first-page":"129","article-title":"Induced abortion practices in an urban Indian slum: Exploring reasons, pathways and experiences","volume":"9","author":"Behera","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Family Reprod Health"},{"key":"R13-20260206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001491","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2019-001491","article-title":"Unsafe abortion and abortion-related death among 1.8 million women in India","volume":"4","author":"Yokoe","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"R14-20260206","first-page":"e41263","article-title":"Patterns and predictors of abortion care-seeking practices in India: Evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey (2019-2021)","volume":"15","author":"Malik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R15-20260206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e813","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00094-2","article-title":"Trends in missing females at birth in India from 1981 to 2016: Analyses of 2\u00b71 million birth histories in nationally representative surveys","volume":"9","author":"Saikia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"R16-20260206","first-page":"4","article-title":"Sex-selective abortions: The prevalence in India and its ramifications on sex trafficking","volume":"1","author":"Thomas","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Compass"},{"key":"R17-20260206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsrh-2018-200060","article-title":"Quality of care and abortion: Beyond safety","volume":"44","author":"Darney","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Sex Reprod Health"},{"key":"R18-20260206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-022-01499-3","article-title":"Quality of care in abortion in the era of technological and medical advancements and self-care","volume":"19","author":"Shukla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"R19-20260206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsrh-2022-201722","article-title":"A prospective, comparative study of clinical outcomes following clinic-based versus self-use of medical abortion","volume":"49","author":"Kapp","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Sex Reprod Health"},{"key":"R20-20260206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2862","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del268","article-title":"Contraception at the time of abortion: High-risk time or high-risk women?","volume":"21","author":"Bajos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_13_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:12:59Z","timestamp":1787843579000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_13_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_13_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2249-4863","2278-7135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2249-4863","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-7135","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-03","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-08","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}