{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:24:31Z","timestamp":1787772271700,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"\n A\n BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n <\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have many risk factors; few can be modified through health education. Traditional patient counselling methods fail to impact health behaviours to prevent or reduce the risk of CVDs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n This study was conducted to estimate the effect of various risk communication methods on CVD risk reduction and medication adherence.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design:<\/jats:title>\n An open-label superiority randomised control trial was conducted where 159 patients were randomised into three groups: Communication of 10-year Framingham CVD risk score, heart age, and routine care. Follow-up was done 3 months after recruitment. The primary outcome was a difference in excess 10-year Framingham CVD risk score in the end-line compared to baseline. The status of modifiable behavioural risk factors at baseline was expressed as \u2018yes\u2019 and \u2018no\u2019, and follow-up was defined as \u2018action\u2019, \u2018positive maintenance\u2019, \u2018negative maintenance\u2019, and \u2018defaulter\u2019. The trial was registered with the Clinical Trials Registry India (CTRI NO. CTRI\/2020\/10\/028614).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting:<\/jats:title>\n The study setting was screening outpatient department (OPD), General Medicine OPD, and Cardiology OPD of a tertiary care hospital in Central India.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Participants:<\/jats:title>\n Participants aged >30 years, residing in Bhopal for more than 6 months, diagnosed with hypertension or diabetes mellitus or both, and having any of the four CVD behavioural risk factors: tobacco use, alcohol use, physical inactivity, or unhealthy diet.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Median excess 10-year Framingham CVD risk scores were 0.945% (CI: 1.275\u20134.297), \u20130.850% (\u20133.932\u20132.075), and \u20131.300% (\u20135.100\u20130.900) (10-year Framingham CVD risk score vs Heart age vs Routine care) and 0.000% (\u20133.125\u20135.925), \u20131.600% (\u20133.760\u20131.475), and \u20131.400% (\u20136.600\u20135.900) before and after intervention, respectively (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > 0.05). Positive maintenance was higher in both intervention groups concerning all modifiable behaviours, with a higher proportion reported in the 10-year Framingham risk score. The action phase was reported higher in intervention groups for medication adherence, addiction, and dietary changes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Systematic risk communication methods reduced the probability of contracting CVD in the future, though this finding was statistically insignificant.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1557_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T06:00:38Z","timestamp":1716444038000},"page":"1922-1930","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A parallel-arm randomised control trial to study the effects of risk communication methods for prevention of cardiovascular diseases: EFFRICO trial"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kritika","family":"Singhal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deb Kumar","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parneet Kaur","family":"Bhagtana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suruchi","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.008729","article-title":"Cardiovascular diseases in India","volume":"133","author":"Prabhakaran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23555","article-title":"Communication approaches to enhance patient motivation and adherence in cardiovascular disease prevention","volume":"44","author":"Duffy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"R4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-457","article-title":"The @RISK study:Risk communication for patients with type 2 diabetes:Design of a randomised controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Welschen","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"R5-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2016(11)09","article-title":"Primordial and primary prevention programs for cardiovascular diseases:From risk assessment through risk communication to risk reduction. 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