{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T00:51:50Z","timestamp":1793235110284,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study demographic and clinical profiles of Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS) in the pre-pandemic and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic era and to compare the GBS incidence, severity, and its outcome in the pre-pandemic and pandemic eras.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a 4-year retrospective study done in a tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India, between March 2018 and March 2022. Patients were divided into the pre-pandemic era and pandemic era (2 years before and 2 years after March 2020).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The number of patients (N) was 25 in the pandemic\/vaccine era, while N = 49 in the pre-pandemic era. The mean duration of hospitalization was significantly higher (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.03) during the pandemic era (10.68 \u00b1 6.67 days) compared to the pre-pandemic era (7.59 \u00b1 3.55 days). There was no statistical difference in age (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.56), gender (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.70), GBS variants (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.40), clinical spectrum, antecedent infection (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.91), Hughes Disability Score on admission and discharge (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.93 and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.52, respectively), respiratory involvement requiring a ventilator (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.19), and mortality (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.26) in both the eras.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study showed no association of the incidence of GBS with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The mean hospitalization days were significantly increased during COVID-19 in view of associated respiratory involvement. The commonly held hypothesis of the increase in GBS cases during the pandemic\/vaccine era has not been observed in our study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1558_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T22:03:15Z","timestamp":1719352995000},"page":"2623-2627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Journey of Guillain Barre syndrome from the pre-pandemic era to the pandemic era: A 4-year retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Deepinder Kaur","family":"Maini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, India"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, BLK Max Super Speciality Hospital, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anubhuti","family":"Dixit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bipan","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, BLK Max Super Speciality Hospital, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satyan","family":"Nanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, BLK Max Super Speciality Hospital, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varun","family":"Rehani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, BLK Max Super Speciality Hospital, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajiv","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, BLK Max Super Speciality Hospital, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0250-9","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9syndrome in ten steps","volume":"15","author":"Leonhard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"R2-20240828"},{"key":"R3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt285","article-title":"Diagnosis of Guillain-Barr\u00e9syndrome and validation of Brighton criteria","volume":"137","author":"Fokke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"R4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67665-9","article-title":"Guillain-Barre syndrome","volume":"366","author":"Hughes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R5-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1159\/000184748","article-title":"The epidemiology of Guillain Barr\u00e9syndrome worldwide","volume":"32","author":"McGrogan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"R7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1766","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.210947","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in a patient with previous vaccine-associated Guillain-Barr\u00e9syndrome","volume":"193","author":"Ling","year":"2021","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"R8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12482","article-title":"COVID-19 and the peripheral nervous system. 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