{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:46:38Z","timestamp":1787071598533,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lichen planus (LP) is an inflammatory skin disease, characterized by pruritic, violaceous papules with adnexal involvement in some patients. There is scarce literature about clinical presentations of LP in Pakistan and south Asian region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to assess the clinical characteristics and prognosis of LP in outpatients of a tertiary-care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective file review was conducted, from January 2017 to December 2020. Data were retrieved from coded dermatology outpatients\u2019 database. All files with clinical and\/or histopathological diagnosis of LP were included in the study. While collecting data, we found missing information, in these cases, telephonic calls were made. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 2 (Armonk, NY).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 185 records were reviewed, with mean age of 40.5 \u00b1 17.52 years (0.07), and female predominance of 64.3% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value 0.002). The most common comorbidity was hypertension, found in 14.8% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 28), followed by diabetes mellitus in 11.1% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 21) patients. A positive family history for LP was found in 4.8% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 4). The mean duration of lesions was 3.61 \u00b1 4.43 years, with a maximum of 28 years (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value 0.07). The most common type of LP was cutaneous, in 51.8% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 72). The most common site of lesions was the legs (22.2%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 42). Fifty-five patients had HCV screening which was negative. Among topical medications, corticosteroids were the most commonly prescribed medications (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 109, 57.6%) followed by Tacrolimus (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 58.29%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cutaneous LP without adnexal involvement was found to be the most common type with female predominance. The most frequent comorbidity seen was hypertension and diabetes. There was no association found in patients whose HCV status was known with LP. Duration of disease was variable with maximum 28 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1635_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T15:02:43Z","timestamp":1758639763000},"page":"3275-3278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical characteristics and prognosis of lichen planus: An experience from a teaching Hospital of Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sadia","family":"Tabassum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Aga Khan Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khadija","family":"Bano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Aga Khan Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Student, Aga Khan Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor","family":"Sahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Aga Khan Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaheen","family":"Naveed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Aga Khan Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uzma","family":"Ahsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Aga Khan Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadia","family":"Masood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Aga Khan Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2015.04.001","article-title":"Update on lichen planus and its clinical variants","volume":"1","author":"Weston","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Womens Dermatol"},{"key":"R2-20250924","first-page":"17","article-title":"Associations of lichen planus:A study of 63 cases","volume":"17","author":"Nasreen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pak Assoc Dermatol"},{"key":"R3-20250924","first-page":"864","article-title":"Lichen planus\u2013a clinical guide","volume":"19","author":"Solimani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"R4-20250924","first-page":"53","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of lichen planus","volume":"84","author":"Usatine","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"R5-20250924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737813","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.737813","article-title":"Lichen planus","volume":"8","author":"Boch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"R6-20250924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742826","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/742826","article-title":"Cutaneous and mucosal lichen planus:A comprehensive review of clinical subtypes, risk factors, diagnosis, and prognosis","volume":"2014","author":"Gorouhi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"key":"R7-20250924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1103641","article-title":"Clinical practice. Lichen Planus","volume":"366","author":"Le Cleach","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R8-20250924","first-page":"337","article-title":"Lichen sclerosus-presentation, diagnosis and management","volume":"113","author":"Kirtschig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"R9-20250924","first-page":"212","article-title":"A comparative study of PUVASOL therapy in lichen planus","volume":"69","author":"Sharma","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"R10-20250924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15771","article-title":"Lichen planus:A comprehensive evidence-based analysis of medical treatment","volume":"33","author":"Husein-ElAhmed","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R11-20250924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2007.07.199","article-title":"Oral mucosal disease:Lichen planus","volume":"46","author":"Scully","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R12-20250924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05229.x","article-title":"Lichenoid reactions of murine mucosa associated with amalgam","volume":"148","author":"Dunsche","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R13-20250924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268805004425","article-title":"The incidence of molluscum contagiosum, scabies and lichen planus","volume":"133","author":"Pannell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"R14-20250924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13323","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence of oral lichen planus:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Moles","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"R15-20250924","first-page":"92","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical features of lichen planus in Jordanian patients","volume":"23","author":"Abdallat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"key":"R16-20250924","first-page":"62","article-title":"Frequency of clinical patterns of oral lichen planus","volume":"32","author":"Asmaa","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pak Assoc Dermatol"},{"key":"R17-20250924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120452","article-title":"The clinical features, malignant potential, and systemic associations of oral lichen planus:A study of 723 patients","volume":"46","author":"Eisen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R18-20250924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2009.03613.x","article-title":"Lichen planus in childhood:Report of 100 cases","volume":"35","author":"Kanwar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"R19-20250924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2008.02694.x","article-title":"Lichen planus in children:Review of 26 cases","volume":"33","author":"Balasubramaniam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"R20-20250924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e295","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13234","article-title":"Lichen planus and dyslipidemia:A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"55","author":"Lai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"R21-20250924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_48_18","article-title":"Comorbidities in Lichen planus:A case-control study in Indian patients","volume":"10","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1635_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:49:16Z","timestamp":1787068156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1635_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1635_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2249-4863","2278-7135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2249-4863","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-7135","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-25","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-16","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}