{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:59:08Z","timestamp":1787169548011,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Neurotoxic snakebites are a common emergency in tropical countries and account for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Manifestations vary from mild ptosis and ophthalmoplegia to severe flaccid paralysis with ventilatory failure. At times, the neuromuscular paralysis may be severe enough for patients to be misdiagnosed as a locked-in syndrome or brain dead. Occult snakebites, wherein patients are unaware of the bite and fang marks are absent, have been reported in kraits, an endemic neurotoxic snake belonging to the Elapidae family. We report a series of three cases in which young males presented with dramatic neuromuscular paralysis and were likely suffering from elapid snake bites. Each of these patients presented an intriguing clinical challenge and had different in-hospital outcomes. Primary care physicians in the emergency department are usually the first respondents to such patients. Owing to a lack of snake bite history and unavailability of specific diagnostic tests, severe envenomation presents a challenge for physicians, unless they are aware of it and a high level of suspicion is maintained.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1652_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,5]],"date-time":"2022-02-05T02:28:29Z","timestamp":1644028109000},"page":"386-389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Dramatic neuromuscular paralysis following occult 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(Bungarus caeruleus) bite in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka:A prospective clinical study, 1996-98","volume":"78","author":"Kularatne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"R12-67-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-1237(02)80140-X","article-title":"Clinical features and management of snake bite","volume":"58","author":"Mehta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med J Armed Forces India"},{"key":"R13-67-20240828","first-page":"635","article-title":"Venom, antivenom production and the medically important snakes of India","volume":"103","author":"Whitaker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Sci"},{"key":"R14-67-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2020.12.040","article-title":"Determinants of snakebite mortality in Asia:A systematic review","volume":"62","author":"Hannan Wan Ibadullah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg 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