{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:27:44Z","timestamp":1786649264346,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"\n A\n BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n <\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n Vitamin D is a neuroactive hormone having influence on several biological functions. Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunctions as well as inflammation and oxidative stress are evident in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with the development and progression of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunctions in T2DM. Vitamin D insufficiency is prevalent in T2DM. However, the autonomic function status and biomarkers in vitamin D deficient and vitamin D insufficient newly diagnosed T2DM subjects are not clear. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the cardiovascular autonomic function and biomarkers between vitamin D insufficient and vitamin D deficient people with newly diagnosed T2DM.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Newly diagnosed 47 T2DM subjects (mean age 38 \u00b1 4.2 years) were recruited based on American Diabetes Association criteria. They were divided into vitamin D deficient (<20 ng\/ml;\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 30) and vitamin D insufficient group (20-30 ng\/ml,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 17) according to Endocrinology Society guidelines. Heart rate variability (HRV), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and conventional autonomic function tests, 25 (OH) D, oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory markers were measured.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Compared to the vitamin D insufficient group, the vitamin D deficient group showed significantly decreased 25 (OH) D (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), BRS (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .004), high frequency (normalised units) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001), total power (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .048), adiponectin (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .050); and significantly increased low frequency (normalised units) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .036) and low frequency: high frequency ratio (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .038), malondialdehyde (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001), interleukin-6 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .009), fibroblast growth factor-21 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .043), and redox ratio (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .005).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n The present study found the vitamin D deficient group had a reduced parasympathetic and higher sympathetic tone along with greater oxidative stress and inflammation compared to the vitamin D insufficient group in newly diagnosed T2DM subjects.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1804_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T10:01:34Z","timestamp":1751277694000},"page":"2294-2300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of cardiovascular autonomic function and biomarkers between vitamin D insufficient and deficient people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Visakamutharasi","family":"Murugiah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Trichy SRM Medical College Hospital and Research centre (TSRM), Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pravati","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaya Prakash","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nivedita","family":"Nanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, JIPMER, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suryanarayana Bettadpura","family":"Shamanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, JIPMER, Puducherry, 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