{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:45:56Z","timestamp":1787071556692,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cognitive impairment impacts functionality and health outcomes in older adults with diabetes mellitus. Crucially, managing diabetes involves many self-management activities that require adequate cognitive abilities. Pharmacological therapy for diabetes mellitus in older persons should address both cognitive functions and glycaemic control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the relationship between the treatment modality of diabetes and cognitive functions in the elderly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional hospital-based study of older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus over 1 year was conducted. Sociodemographic, relevant clinical details were obtained; Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Trail-Making B test, F-A-S fluency, and categorical fluency test were assessed. Descriptive statistics, a generalized linear model, and a structural equation model with path analysis were performed to understand the relationship between treatment modality for diabetes and cognitive functions in the elderly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 134 diabetic patients with a mean age of 68.06 + 6.29 years were assessed. The oral hypoglycaemic agent (OHA) treatment group has significantly better glycaemic control than the insulin group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value &lt; 0.001). The OHA treatment group performed significantly better in DSST, Trail-Making B test, F-A-S fluency, categorical fluency, and RAVLT (delayed recall, immediate memory). The OHA treatment group has a significant association with all cognitive test scores except DSST, RAVLT immediate memory, and learning which is further strengthened with SEM analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to insulin, OHA has a beneficial effect on cognition in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1859_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T15:02:40Z","timestamp":1758639760000},"page":"3444-3450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of treatment modality on cognition in older adults with type 2 diabetes 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