{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:23:26Z","timestamp":1787772206755,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Female genital cosmetic surgery (FGCS) became popular in recent decades. Many patients worldwide consider these procedures for medical or esthetic reasons. Previous literature indicates a significant gap in public understanding of the risks, benefits, and recovery processes associated with FGCS. This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare providers in Makkah clusters regarding FGCS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 142 participants from Makkah cluster facilities, including general practitioners (GPs), gynecologists, surgeons, nurses, medical interns, and medical students, from July to September 2025. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used to measure knowledge and awareness levels, and to assess the associations between cultural beliefs and awareness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most of the respondents were females and residents. Consultants and specialists showed a lower agreement on having adequate knowledge of FGCS. About 78.2% of workers felt they lacked adequate knowledge of FCGS. Only 26.8% felt confident about labiaplasty, and &lt;10% in other procedures. Nearly half of the participants were not sufficiently aware of the procedures\u2019 risks. During GPs\u2019 consultations of FGCS, the most used information sources were anatomy books. Relationship difficulties and body dysmorphia were the most common identified psychological issues by GPs. Partners\u2019 comments were the most significant social factor influencing women\u2019s decisions in these procedures. Furthermore, GPs were often seen as educators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study reveals a significant gap in knowledge and confidence among healthcare providers in FGCS. Creating accessible materials and educating healthcare providers can raise awareness and the quality of care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1880_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T14:00:29Z","timestamp":1781791229000},"page":"1981-1986","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Knowledge and awareness of female genital cosmetic surgery among healthcare providers: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fahad M.","family":"Algreisi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jeddah University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hattan A.","family":"Bajahmom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ministry of Health(MOH),Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada S.","family":"AlHarbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MBBS Program, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, 21461, Saudi Arabia, Fakeeh Care Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leena S.","family":"Abdulbadie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruzanah A.","family":"Almarzugi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260619","first-page":"463","article-title":"Female genital cosmetic surgery: A critical review of current knowledge and contemporary debates","volume":"18","author":"Braun","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"R2-20260619","first-page":"241997","article-title":"Female genital cosmetic surgery: A review of techniques and outcomes","author":"Iglesia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"R3-20260619","first-page":"61","article-title":"What's in a name?Terminology for design-related research activity in art and design","volume":"13","author":"Moran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Art Des Commun High Educ"},{"key":"R4-20260619","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjw061","article-title":"Evaluation of body image and sexual satisfaction in women undergoing female genital plastic\/cosmetic surgery","volume":"36","author":"Goodman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"R5-20260619","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000264339.67451.71","article-title":"The influence of plastic surgery \u201creality TV\u201don cosmetic surgery patient expectations and decision making","volume":"120","author":"Crockett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R6-20260619","first-page":"239","article-title":"Cultural and ethical considerations for female genital cosmetic surgery","volume":"9","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Sex Health Rep"},{"key":"R7-20260619","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02744-y","article-title":"Health professionals'and beauty therapists'perspectives on female genital cosmetic surgery: an interview study","volume":"23","author":"Kirkman","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Women's Health"},{"key":"R8-20260619","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.4103\/jcsr.jcsr_67_22","article-title":"Knowledge and attitude of females on female genital cosmetic surgery at a tertiary healthcare institute of India","volume":"12","author":"Gowardhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Sci Res"},{"key":"R9-20260619","first-page":"e27902","article-title":"The attitude of physicians towards female genital cosmetic surgery","volume":"14","author":"Sawan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R10-20260619","first-page":"e49201","article-title":"Women's knowledge, attitudes, and practice about female genital cosmetic surgery: A cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia","volume":"15","author":"Alrashed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R11-20260619","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1725050","article-title":"Awareness about vulvovaginal aesthetics procedures among medical students and health professionals in Saudi Arabia","volume":"43","author":"Iqbal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet"},{"key":"R12-20260619","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e013010","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013010","article-title":"Female genital cosmetic surgery: A cross-sectional survey exploring knowledge, attitude and practice of general practitioners","volume":"6","author":"Simonis","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1880_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:31:51Z","timestamp":1787769111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1880_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1880_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2249-4863","2278-7135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2249-4863","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-7135","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-24","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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