{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T23:54:08Z","timestamp":1789430048741,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate levels of serum vitamin D in patients of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and compare with age- and sex-matched controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective case-control study of 54 patients of RVO and 54 age- and sex-matched attendants of patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital in Delhi was performed. Patients on vitamin D supplementations and RVO due to infective or immunological causes or patients of glaucoma were excluded. Serum vitamin D levels of all the study participants along with relevant blood investigations with history and examination were documented. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as &lt;20 ng\/ml<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean serum vitamin D levels seen in RVO patients and the control group were 14.19 \u00b1 5.23 ng\/ml and 19.42 \u00b1 10.27 ng\/ml, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value = 0.001) with an odds ratio of 10.558 (CI = 2.34\u201347.50), indicating vitamin D deficiency to be strongly correlated with RVO. Maximum patients of RVO (46.3%) were seen during the winter season. The study noted hypertension [odds ratio 20.22 (CI = 5.812\u201370.347)], dyslipidemia, and anemia [odds ratio 4.107 (CI = 0.62\u201326.90)] to be the risk factors for RVO as previously proved in the literature. Smoking, diabetes, alcohol intake, and body mass index did not emerge as risk factors for RVO.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency is associated with RVO; hence, estimation of serum vitamin D levels should be advised as a part of routine investigations while looking for the cause of RVOs. Public health measures like food fortification with vitamin D micronutrients and public awareness towards increased sunlight exposure in the community are simple, inexpensive measures that can decrease the burden of sight-threatening disease of RVO in the community.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1885_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T02:05:47Z","timestamp":1721959547000},"page":"3298-3303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Emerging role of vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for retinal venous occlusions and need for public health measures for its prevention"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Pramod Kumar","family":"Sahu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, 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