{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:46:01Z","timestamp":1787071561998,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"\n A\n BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n <\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Self-care behaviours like healthy eating, being active, taking medication, monitoring blood sugar levels, reducing risk, problem-solving and healthy coping are the mainstay for the control of diabetes and the prevention of its complications. Despite the proven benefits of self-care practices, studies indicate poor adherence to such practices, especially in rural India.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n (1) To assess the self-care practices among diabetic patients using the \u2018Diabetes Self-Management Profile\u2019 (DSMP) questionnaire, (2) to explore the factors influencing their self-care practices, (3) to explore the need for diabetes health education (DHE) among Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n \n The study employed a sequential explanatory mixed-method design (QUAN \u2192 QUAL). Three villages were randomly selected from the field practice area of the Medical College, where the Family Doctor Program is being implemented. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted one among diabetic patients (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 7) and one among ASHA workers (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 8) using the FGD guide and the data was analysed using the thematic framework approach.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Out of a total of 75 participants (mean age 61.36 \u00b1 9.35), only 16% adhered to at least four self-care behaviours. Notably, 40% exhibited good dietary behaviour; only 26.6% engaged in physical activity three times per week, and nearly three-fourths of participants had good drug compliance. Hypoglycaemia prevention practices were low (17.3%), and none had a glucose monitoring device. Glucose levels were checked once in 3 months by 52% of them. Disturbingly, 88% were unaware of diabetes complications, and 53.3% occasionally felt distressed. Qualitative analysis revealed \u2018limited patient knowledge\u2019, \u2018uninformed health care services\u2019 and \u2018uninvolved family support\u2019 as the themes influencing poor self-care practices. ASHA workers were found to have a limited understanding of diabetes and self-care and hence unable to address patient problems and misconceptions. They felt the need for training to impart effective behavioural change communication.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Effective self-care practices in diabetic patients require a holistic approach. It is crucial to provide training for ASHA workers to enable them to effectively share knowledge with patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1887_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T15:03:14Z","timestamp":1758639794000},"page":"3259-3265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond medications: A study on competencies of self-care practices among type 2 diabetic patients and diabetes health education among ASHA workers"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ronanki","family":"Mounika","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yalamanchili","family":"Padmasri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z Sharath Babu","family":"Naik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Padmavathi","family":"Setti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"R4-20250924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v10.i8.454","article-title":"Competences for self-care and self-control in diabetes mellitus type 2 in primary health care","volume":"10","author":"Amorim","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"R5-20250924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0250462","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250462","article-title":"Diabetes self-care practice and associated factors among type 2 diabetic patients in public hospitals of Tigray regional state, Ethiopia:A multicenter study","volume":"16","author":"Molalign Takele","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"R6-20250924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2020.01.003","article-title":"A study on knowledge and self-care practices about diabetes mellitus among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending selected tertiary healthcare facilities in coastal Karnataka","volume":"8","author":"Shrivastva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"R7-20250924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4863.201176","article-title":"Knowledge and self-care practices regarding diabetes among patients with type 2 diabetes in Rural Sullia, Karnataka:A community-based, cross-sectional study","volume":"5","author":"Dinesh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R8-20250924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_356_20","article-title":"Self-care practices among type II diabetics in rural area of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu","volume":"9","author":"Karthik","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R9-20250924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1708637","article-title":"A study to assess the effectiveness of a planned teaching programme on diabetes mellitus and its management among Asha workers in selected areas of Udupi District, Karnataka","volume":"6","author":"Thomas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Health Allied Sci NU"},{"key":"R10-20250924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2016.12.029","article-title":"Diabetic self care practices in rural Mysuru, southern Karnataka, India\u2014A need for diabetes self management educational (DSME) program","volume":"11","author":"Srinath","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"R11-20250924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.18203\/2319-2003.ijbcp20204495","article-title":"Self-care practices among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in rural India","volume":"9","author":"Shivananda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"R12-20250924","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.4102\/phcfm.v4i1.311","article-title":"Self-care practice and glycaemic control amongst adults with diabetes at the Jimma university specialized hospital in South-West Ethiopia:A cross-sectional study","volume":"4","author":"Hailu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med"},{"key":"R13-20250924","first-page":"139","article-title":"Dietary practices and barriers to dietary modification among diabetics and hypertensives in a rural health service area of Puducherry:A qualitative study","volume":"7","author":"Gehlawat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Health Allied Sci"},{"key":"R14-20250924","first-page":"506","article-title":"Self-care practices among diabetes patients attending a health center in a slum of Kolkata:A qualitative study","volume":"11","author":"Mallick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med J Dr DY Patil Univ"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary 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