{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T03:25:16Z","timestamp":1788405916782,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Giardiasis, a common cause of parasitic diarrhea, is caused by the protozoan parasite\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Giardia lamblia<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Giardia intestinalis or Giardia duodenalis)<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This intestinal flagellate protozoan is prevalent among children worldwide and is a significant source of traveller\u2019s diarrhea. It is estimated that there are about 2.5 million cases of giardiasis-related diarrhea and nutritional deficits in children every year, with the majority occurring in developing countries. Since 2004, the World Health Organization has classified it as one of the neglected tropical diseases. Those most at risk for complications from giardiasis are children aged 1\u20135 years and undernourished individuals in developing countries who may experience malabsorption, weight loss, and growth retardation. The prevalence rates are expected to be around 2%\u20135% in developed countries and significantly higher at 20%\u201330% in developing countries. Here, we report the case series of seven pediatric children with various clinical presentations with failure to gain weight and abdominal pain being the most common among all the cases ultimately presenting with long-term sequelae like malnutrition and growth retardation. This case series underscores the importance of considering giardiasis in the differential diagnosis of pediatric patients presenting with growth retardation and gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly in endemic areas. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial in mitigating the long-term health impacts of this neglected tropical disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1902_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T11:01:24Z","timestamp":1764327684000},"page":"4883-4887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Giardiasis in pediatric populations: A case series highlighting nutritional and growth impacts"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mayuri P.","family":"Bhise","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Padhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhoomika","family":"Rajyaguru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinjal","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pinky","family":"Meena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwini","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.4103\/1755-6783.157628","article-title":"Histomorphometry study of changes in duodenal mucosa of patients presenting with Giardiasis","volume":"8","author":"Varma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Public 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Parasitol"},{"key":"R13-20251211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.2174\/187152610793180821","article-title":"Giardiasis:The ever-present threat of a neglected disease","volume":"10","author":"Escobedo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"R14-20251211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3337","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.9.3337-3340.2000","article-title":"Detection of giardia lamblia, entamoeba histolytica\/entamoeba dispar, and cryptosporidium parvum antigens in human fecal specimens using the triage parasite panel enzyme immunoassay","volume":"38","author":"Garcia","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R15-20251211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.1.114-128.2001","article-title":"Treatment of giardiasis","volume":"14","author":"Gardner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"R16-20251211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.02.006","article-title":"Giardiasis as a predictor of childhood malnutrition in Orang Asli children in Malaysia","volume":"99","author":"Al-Mekhlafi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1902_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:47:55Z","timestamp":1787068075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1902_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1902_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2249-4863","2278-7135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2249-4863","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-7135","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-21","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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