{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:21:26Z","timestamp":1787844086339,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mucormycosis, a rare but serious fungal infection, surged during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite various proposed causative factors, published data are limited. This study aimed to identify risk factors for COVID-19-associated mucormycosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A case-control study was conducted in the Nagpur district. Cases were recruited from suspected or confirmed mucormycosis cases reported to district health authorities. Controls were household members who had COVID-19 but did not develop mucormycosis. Predisposing and treatment-related factors were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analysis revealed significant associations between mucormycosis and diabetes mellitus (OR-10.8; CI-1.1\u2013103.6) and corticosteroid use (OR-97.6; CI-3.2\u20132927.1). Factors such as humidifier use and mask usage did not show a significant association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Optimal use of oxygen and corticosteroids is crucial, particularly in diabetic COVID-19 patients, to prevent mucormycosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1984_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T06:00:37Z","timestamp":1752904837000},"page":"2805-2809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Risk factors for COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM): A case-control study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Akkilagunta","family":"Sujiv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. R. Aiswarya","family":"Lakshmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep Ramrao","family":"Deshmukh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaya Prasad","family":"Tripathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mubashshera F.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e77","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00265-4","article-title":"Rising incidence of mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19:Another challenge for India amidst the second wave?","volume":"9","author":"Raut","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"R2-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13353","article-title":"Mucormycosis and COVID-19:An epidemic within a pandemic in India","volume":"64","author":"Selarka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"R3-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.12.039","article-title":"Risk factors for coronavirus disease-associated mucormycosis","volume":"84","author":"Arora","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"R4-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2932","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1627_21","article-title":"Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes in India","volume":"69","author":"Pradeepa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07844-y","article-title":"A case control investigation of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis in India","volume":"22","author":"Anand","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"R6-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"myac044","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myac044","article-title":"Risk factors for COVID-19 associated mucormycosis in India:A case control study","volume":"60","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"R7-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2901.220926","article-title":"Multicenter case-control study of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis outbreak, India","volume":"29","author":"Muthu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"R8-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.05.019","article-title":"Mucormycosis in COVID-19:A systematic review of cases reported worldwide and in India","volume":"15","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"R9-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1934_21","article-title":"A systematic review of mucormycosis cases in COVID-19:Is it an unholy trilogy of COVID-19, diabetes mellitus, and corticosteroids?","volume":"11","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R10-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.05.005","article-title":"COVID-19-associated mucormycosis:An opportunistic fungal infection. A case series and review","volume":"121","author":"Balushi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R11-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2174\/0118715303335275250116055824","article-title":"A comparative analysis of COVID-19-associated and non-COVID-19-associated mucormycosis","author":"K\u00f6m\u00fcr","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"R12-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S445458","article-title":"COVID-19-associated rhinocerebral mucormycosis, an incidental finding or a matter of concern-mixed-method systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Andreescu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"R13-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4322","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1183_21","article-title":"Black fungus:Possible causes of surge in cases in the second pandemic in India","volume":"10","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1984_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:04:47Z","timestamp":1787843087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1984_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1984_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2249-4863","2278-7135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2249-4863","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-7135","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-05","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-08","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}