{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:30:37Z","timestamp":1787841037460,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder linked to metabolic and psychological complications, particularly anxiety and depression. Vitamin D deficiency is increasingly recognized as contributing to mental health disorders, but its role within the PCOS population remains underexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to explore the relationship between vitamin D levels and symptoms of anxiety and depression in Saudi women with PCOS. Additionally, socio-demographic and clinical factors affecting mental health in this population were examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study involved 120 Saudi women aged 18\u201345 years, including 60 women with PCOS and 60 healthy age-matched controls. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Serum vitamin D levels and other relevant biomarkers were also measured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The PCOS group had significantly lower vitamin D levels than controls. In PCOS patients, vitamin D deficiency was independently associated with higher odds of anxiety (odds ratio [OR] =8.50,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001) and depression (OR = 7.00,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003). Serum vitamin D levels showed strong negative correlations with anxiety (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.79,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and depression (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.56,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Anxiety was also linked to low education, obesity, and infertility, while depression was associated with obesity, hirsutism, and infertility.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings reveal a significant association between low vitamin D levels and heightened anxiety and depression symptoms in Saudi women with PCOS. These results underscore the potential benefit of addressing vitamin D deficiency as part of mental health management strategies in PCOS patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1991_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T21:00:25Z","timestamp":1759006825000},"page":"3703-3710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association of vitamin D with depression and anxiety in polycystic ovary syndrome in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Rehab A.","family":"Karam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal F.","family":"Gharib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of 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