{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:32:37Z","timestamp":1787070757550,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the global, regional, and national burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-related chronic kidney disease (CKD) from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2040.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence, death, and corresponding age-standardized rates were assessed on the basis of the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study, and future trends up to 2040 were determined using the autoregressive integrated moving average model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2021, T2DM-CKD caused 107,559,955 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 99,170,797 to 115,994,732) prevalence cases and 477,273 (95% UI: 401,541 to 565,951) deaths globally. The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) and age-standardized death rate (ASDR) were 1259.6 (95% UI: 1162 to 1359.9) and 5.7 (95% UI: 4.8 to 6.8), respectively. The highest ASPRs and ASDRs were observed in Southeast Asia (1739.3, 95% UI: 1595.7 to 1883.9) and Andean Latin America (14.9, 95% UI: 11.5 to 19.2), respectively. Mauritius (1884.2, 95% UI: 1644.5 to 2141.8) and American Samoa (51.9, 95% UI: 40 to 64.7) had the highest ASPR and ASDR, respectively. Overall, the ASPRs (1.11-fold) and ASDRs (1.37-fold) were higher in men than in women in 2021, particularly in the 65\u201369 age bracket. By 2040, 122,873,316 prevalences and 699,043 deaths are projected to increase by 14.24% and 46.47%, respectively, relative to 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Globally, T2DM-CKD poses a considerable disease burden but is preventable and treatable. Thus, it should be considered in global health policies, particularly for older populations and in low- and middle-sociodemographic index regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_218_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T14:00:37Z","timestamp":1781791237000},"page":"2016-2024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes mellitus type 2-related chronic kidney disease from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2040"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shu Juan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua Road, Yunhe Qu, Cangzhou City, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun Yi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua Road, Yunhe Qu, Cangzhou City, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing Zhu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua Road, Yunhe Qu, Cangzhou City, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260619","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01942-7","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease","volume":"407","author":"Herrington","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R2-20260619","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30045-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"395","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R3-20260619","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00519-5","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease","volume":"398","author":"Kalantar-Zadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R4-20260619","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.2337\/db05-1620","article-title":"Risk factors for renal dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: U. 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