{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:48:30Z","timestamp":1792511310880,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Domestic violence has substantial public health consequences. More than one-third of women globally suffer from physical and sexual violence, mostly by an intimate partner with a lifetime prevalence of 10%\u201369%. In India, 28.8% of the ever-married women in the reproductive age group, reported domestic violence. Although Kerala, in southern India, performs better than other Indian states on a host of human development indicators for women, 15.8% among the women in this group have ever experienced physical or sexual violence in the past 12 months, the most common perpetrator being the husband.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among the ever-married women, residing in a selected area of northern Kerala, who have been married for at least 1 year. One to one structured interview was conducted with a pretested structured questionnaire by the investigator. Spousal violence was defined as proportion of ever-married women with a lifetime experience of violence perpetrated by their spouse, manifested through acts of physical, sexual, and\/or emotional violence, even threat.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 290 women were interviewed. The age of the participants ranged from 18 years to 64 years; majority were Muslims. Only 16.5% were college-educated and over 90% were homemakers. 29% reported having experienced spousal violence; with the most common being emotional violence (19%) closely followed by sexual violence (18.6%) and physical violence (14.8%). A little over one-third (39.7%) reported controlling behaviour of their husband. Age of the participant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.019), absence of social support (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.034), employment status of husband (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.026), controlling behaviour of husband (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), alcohol abuse by husband (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004) and extra-marital relationship of spouse (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) were found to have significant influence on spousal violence experience.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More than a quarter of the married women in this rural setting have experienced one or the other form of violence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Recommendation:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multifaceted approach needs to be employed which takes into consideration legal measures, social sciences, women empowerment, mental health systems and educate the men to curb this menace.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_2313_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T12:53:08Z","timestamp":1630068788000},"page":"2845-2852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Prevalence of spousal violence among married women in a rural area in North Kerala"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jesha Mohammedali","family":"Mundodan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamiya","family":"K K","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheela P.","family":"Haveri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_2313_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T19:33:17Z","timestamp":1786735997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_2313_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_2313_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["2249-4863"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2249-4863","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]}}}