{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:33:02Z","timestamp":1787070782783,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary aim in effectively managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is to delay or prevent persistent diabetes complications through tailored individual targets, ensuring controlled glycemic levels. While family physicians play a crucial role in managing T2DM; the phenomenon of clinical inertia has emerged as a barrier to achieving optimal patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the prevalence of clinical inertia in the management of T2DM among Saudi family physicians working at primary care centers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among family physicians working at primary care centers in Al Taif city, kingdom of Saudi Arabia utilizing a self-administered questionnaire to collect the data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study included 264 family physicians. About 31.6% of them were not aware of the term \u201cclinical inertia,\u201d while 78.3% were comfortable recommending injectable therapies. Moreover, majority of them (95.4%) were referring to guidelines and treatment algorithms to manage patients with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T2DM<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The most frequently barriers to treatment intensification were lack of support for example, nursing staff, diabetes educators (48.7%), concern over patient`s adherence (47.6%), and lack of information or understanding of new treatment options and potential benefits (45.9%). Almost half of physicians (58.4%) believed that it will be appropriate to not intensify treatments for patients despite not meeting their goals when being close to glycosylated hemoglobin (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">HbA1c<\/jats:italic>\n                      %) target.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A considerable proportion of family physicians in Saudi Arabia were not aware of the term \u201cclinical inertia.\u201d Therefore, to address clinical inertia in managing diabetes, family physicians in Saudi Arabia should receive training to enhance their understanding of clinical inertia and its impact on patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_238_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T12:01:03Z","timestamp":1774008063000},"page":"865-871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Saudi family physician\u2019s clinical inertia of type 2 diabetes management"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Abdulaziz Faleh","family":"Alfadhly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Prince Mansour Military Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rawan Naif","family":"Althomali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Prince Mansour Military Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulelah Ahmed","family":"Asiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Prince Mansour Military Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saud Khalaf","family":"Alhothaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Prince Mansour Military Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal Musaad","family":"Alhoshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Prince Mansour Military Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afnan Saad","family":"Almajnouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Makkah Armed Forces Center, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basim Matar","family":"AlMalki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Prince Mansour Military Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saad Mohammed","family":"Alfaez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Prince Mansour Military Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raghad Faisal","family":"Alharthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Prince Mansour Military Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah Ahmed","family":"Amalki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Prince Mansour Military Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal Mohammed","family":"Albaqami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Prince Mansour Military Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasser R.","family":"Aljuhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, East Jeddah Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R1-20260325","first-page":"S62","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus","volume":"32","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R2-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01301-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"402","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"R4-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/sjmms.sjmms_394_22","article-title":"Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the general population of Saudi Arabia, 2000-2020: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"11","author":"Jarrar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Saudi J Med Med Sci"},{"key":"R5-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0806470","article-title":"10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes","volume":"359","author":"Holman","year":"2008","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"R6-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-020-00559-7","article-title":"Clinical inertia is the enemy of therapeutic success in the management of diabetes and its complications: A narrative literature review","volume":"12","author":"Andreozzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"R7-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-135-9-200111060-00012","article-title":"Clinical inertia","volume":"135","author":"Phillips","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R8-20260325","first-page":"690","article-title":"Nonadherent, clinical inertia, or therapeutic inertia?","volume":"15","author":"Allen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Manag Care Pharm"},{"key":"R9-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13132","article-title":"Identification of barriers to insulin therapy and approaches to overcoming them","volume":"20","author":"Russell-Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"R11-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-018-0819-5","article-title":"Addressing clinical inertia in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review","volume":"35","author":"Okemah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"R12-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042018819844694","DOI":"10.1177\/2042018819844694","article-title":"Therapeutic inertia in type 2 diabetes: Prevalence, causes, consequences and methods to overcome inertia","volume":"10","author":"Khunti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R13-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12592","article-title":"Acknowledging and allocating responsibility for clinical inertia in the management of type 2 diabetes in primary care: A qualitative study","volume":"32","author":"Zafar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"R14-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2022.02.005","article-title":"Family physician clinical inertia in managing hypoglycemia","volume":"16","author":"Rebicki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prim Care Diabetes"},{"key":"R15-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0194127","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194127","article-title":"Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus: An exposure-wide umbrella review of meta-analyses","volume":"13","author":"Bellou","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R16-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.15446\/revfacmed.v66n4.58933","article-title":"Clinical inertia in insulin prescription for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a primary health care institution of Cartagena, Colombia","volume":"66","author":"Llin\u00e1s-Castro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Fac Med"},{"key":"R17-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59010182","article-title":"Clinical inertia in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review","volume":"59","author":"Almigbal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"R18-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2016.08.164","article-title":"A national survey of physicians'and allied health professionals'practices and perspectives regarding hypoglycemia management: The InHypo-DM study","volume":"40","author":"Reichert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Diabetes"},{"key":"R19-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.679","article-title":"Competing demands or clinical inertia: The case of elevated glycosylated hemoglobin","volume":"5","author":"Parchman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"key":"R20-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16794","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192416794","article-title":"Barriers and attitudes of primary healthcare physicians to insulin initiation and intensification in Saudi Arabia","volume":"19","author":"Alhagawy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"R21-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-2536-6","article-title":"Assessment of short and long-term outcomes of diabetes patient education using the health education impact questionnaire (HeiQ)","volume":"10","author":"Laursen","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"R22-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.12691","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to starting insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review","volume":"69","author":"Ng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_238_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:36:31Z","timestamp":1787067391000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_238_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_238_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2249-4863","2278-7135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2249-4863","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-7135","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-08","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-22","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}