{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:30:43Z","timestamp":1787841043349,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tobacco use remains a major health concern globally, contributing to a wide range of chronic diseases and premature deaths. Despite numerous studies on tobacco use, limited research explores the prevalence and factors influencing nicotine dependence in specific regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigates the prevalence of tobacco use and nicotine dependence in Solan district, Himachal Pradesh, aiming to identify sociodemographic determinants and provide insights for localized tobacco control interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Settings and Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cross-sectional study was conducted in the Field Practice Area of a Medical College in Himachal Pradesh. Data were collected from 345 participants aged 15 and above between July and October 2024 using multistage sampling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subject and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sociodemographic data, tobacco use profiles, and nicotine dependence were assessed using structured interviews and the Fagerstr\u00f6m Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistical analysis used:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to identify factors associated with tobacco use and nicotine dependence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study found a 29.86% prevalence of tobacco use, with a higher prevalence in males (39.66%) than females (8.33%). Smoking was more prevalent than smokeless tobacco use. Factors such as male gender, occupation (especially among labourers and business professionals), and marital status were significantly associated with tobacco use. Nicotine dependence was higher among daily users, with 39.8% showing low dependence, 36.9% medium dependence, and 23.3% high dependence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study highlights a significant prevalence of tobacco use and nicotine dependence in Solan district, particularly among males and certain occupational groups. The findings emphasize the need for targeted tobacco cessation programs, with a focus on high-risk groups in this hilly region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_241_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T21:00:29Z","timestamp":1759006829000},"page":"3746-3751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Insight into pattern of tobacco use and nicotine dependence in a Hilly district of North India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Deepak","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Kumarhatti, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biswabinod","family":"Sanfui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Kumarhatti, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Redhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Kumarhatti, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harshdeep","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Kumarhatti, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Pathania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Kumarhatti, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10292","key":"R1-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01169-7","article-title":"Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"397","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R2-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2024.25.6.1969","article-title":"Intention to quit tobacco due to media advertisements in India: Findings from Global Adult Tobacco survey 2016-17","volume":"25","author":"Verma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"R3-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.10.2.189","article-title":"Clearing the smoke: The science base for tobacco harm reduction--executive summary","volume":"10","author":"Stratton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"R5-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201802-099PS","article-title":"Nicotine dependence: Future opportunities and emerging clinical challenges","volume":"15","author":"Leone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"R6-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x","article-title":"The fagerstr\u00f6m test for nicotine dependence: A revision of the fagerstr\u00f6m tolerance questionnaire","volume":"86","author":"Heatherton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Addict"},{"key":"R7-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntx076","article-title":"Psychometric properties of fagerstr\u00f6m test for nicotine dependence for smokeless tobacco users (FTND-ST)","volume":"19","author":"Mushtaq","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"R8-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13924","article-title":"Tobacco usage in India: A meta-analysis of evidence drawn from regional studies between 2010 and 2022","volume":"28","author":"Pahari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"R10-20251009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/dag021","article-title":"Tobacco control and gender in Southeast Asia. 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