{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:30:43Z","timestamp":1787841043369,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HDV is a defective RNA virus that requires HBV for the replication; therefore, HDV can only get transmitted to the people who also have HBV infection and lead severe liver disease. Globally, the geographical distribution of HDV infection among HBV-positive people is very heterogeneous. In India, limited data are available on prevalence of HDV among hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive patients. In our state, Uttar Pradesh, or region, there is lack of data on seroprevalence of HDV infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of our study was to determine the seroprevalence of HDV infection among HBsAg-positive cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Material:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology. 87 HBsAg-positive samples were included in the study. HBsAg-positive samples were subjected to anti HDV IgM and IgG ELISA Kit by Elabscience\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Demographic profiles and clinical parameters were taken from all the patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean age of HBsAg-positive patients was 36.6 years (SD: 14.6), with a male: female ratio of 2:1. Out of 87 HBsAg-positive patients, serological evidence of delta virus infection was observed in 6 patients (6.8%); 4 (4.6%) patients were positive for anti HDV IgG antibodies, and 2 (2.3%) were positive for anti HDV IgM antibodies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides evidence that seroprevalence of HDV coinfection in the case of Hepatitis B is low (6.8%) in the western part of Uttar Pradesh; understanding the seroprevalence of Hepatitis D helps public health authorities to allocate resources effectively and design target interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  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