{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:31:13Z","timestamp":1787758273330,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with three-fourth of deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like India. Currently, three out of the top five causes of morbidity and mortality in the country are NCDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated the impact of non-pharmacological interventions as a comprehensive approach toward adults with cardiovascular risk in Indian rural communities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It was a quasi-experimental study conducted in Rishikesh, a holy city of Uttarakhand known as the world\u2019s yoga capital at the foothills of Himalaya. Out of 87 villages, four villages were randomly selected. Eighty-eight participants were enrolled (22 from each village and household). It was a multi-stage random sampling. All the participants with cardiovascular risk and age &gt;30 years were recruited. Pregnant, severely ill, and unwilling to consent were excluded. Non-pharmacological intervention as a comprehensive approach, including yoga, meditation, mental health counseling, dietary counseling, tobacco, and alcohol cessation counseling has been provided to cardiovascular risk participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data of 76 participants were analyzed as the per-protocol analysis method. The drop-out rate was 13.63%. Male and female participants were 52 (68.4%) and 24 (31.6%) in number. Mean age of the participants was 55.28 \u00b1 13.64 years. Diastolic blood pressure or DBP (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.017*), systolic blood pressure or SBP (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.008**), waist circumference (WC) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.000**), waist-to-hip ratio (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.000**) and waist-to-height ratio (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.000**) significantly improved in the post intervention group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-pharmacological interventions as a comprehensive approach can significantly reduce modifiable risk factors for cardio-metabolic disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_2472_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T07:34:07Z","timestamp":1666164847000},"page":"5521-5526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of non-pharmacological interventions on adults with cardiovascular risk in a rural community"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Santosh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Kant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 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