{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:19:48Z","timestamp":1787771988309,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tobacco use is one of the most significant public health concerns globally as it is a risk factor for chronic illnesses. GATS-2 concluded that 28.6% of all adults currently use Tobacco in India and 17.8% in Delhi. It is important to conduct such surveys in local areas to make specific and effective action plans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Community-based cross-sectional study conducted between January 2020\u2013June 2021 in Aliganj, an urbanized village in South Delhi. Four hundred ninety participants were enrolled using simple random sampling. The first author conducted the interview using GATS and Fagerstrom nicotine dependence test. Data was analyzed using SPSS-21.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Median age-35 (26.75\u201375.00), range-15\u201384 years. Of the 490 participants, 20.0% were current tobacco users (10.6% smokeless, 7.3% smoked, and 2.2% both). Among current smokers, 78.3% had low, 17.4% moderate, and 4.3% had high dependence on nicotine dependence. Among current smokeless tobacco users, 52.4% had, low, 36.5% moderate, and 11.1% had high dependence. Males had significantly higher odds [6.6 (2.9-15.1)] of tobacco use than females. Higher education [0.3 (0.2-0.8)] compared to no formal education had significantly lower odds of using tobacco. Students [0.1 (0.04-0.4)] and homemakers [0.1 (0.01-0.5)] had significantly lower odds of using tobacco as compared to those employed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One in every five adults is a tobacco user in Aliganj. Manufactured cigarettes, bidi, and water pipes were the most common products among smokers. Among smokeless tobacco users, the most common products were chewing tobacco gutka, and khaini. A larger proportion of smokeless tobacco users had high nicotine dependence than smoked tobacco users.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_264_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T11:21:06Z","timestamp":1709637666000},"page":"477-485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Tobacco use and dependence among adults residing in an urbanized village, Delhi, India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yukti","family":"Bhandari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jugal","family":"Kishore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhilasha","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20240828","journal-title":"WHO International, Health topics, Tobacco, Fact sheet"},{"key":"R3-20240828","article-title":"The GATS Atlas. 2015. CDC Foundation, Atlanta, GA","author":"Asma"},{"key":"R4-20240828","journal-title":"Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI. GATS. GATS 2 India 2016-17"},{"key":"R5-20240828","journal-title":"Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI. GATS. GATS 2 Delhi. 2016-17"},{"key":"R7-20240828","article-title":"Disease load in Aliganj, an urban village in New Delhi, India: a search for directions in risk reduction through urban planning","author":"Balan","journal-title":"Project of knowledge community on children in India in collaboration with Department of Community Medicine, VMMC, New Delhi"},{"key":"R9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x","article-title":"The Fagerstr\u00f6m test for nicotine dependence: A revision of the Fagerstr\u00f6m tolerance questionnaire","volume":"86","author":"Heatherton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Addict"},{"key":"R10-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_373_20","article-title":"Tobacco use and nicotine dependence among newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Ballabgarh tuberculosis unit, Haryana","volume":"9","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-020-01089-0","article-title":"Unpacking the non-hispanic other category: Differences in patterns of tobacco product use among youth and adults in the United States, 2009-2018","volume":"22","author":"Mattingly","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Immigr Minor Health"},{"issue":"suppl_1","key":"R12-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S81","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nty025","article-title":"Patterns of tobacco product use and correlates among adults in the population assessment of tobacco and health (PATH) study: A latent class analysis","volume":"20","author":"Kypriotakis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"suppl_1","key":"R13-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S48","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nty018","article-title":"Patterns of nicotine and tobacco product use in youth and young adults in the United States, 2011-2015","volume":"20","author":"Johnson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"R14-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/679134","article-title":"Patterns of tobacco use and dual use in US young adults: The missing link between youth prevention and adult cessation","author":"Rath","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Environ Public Health 2012"},{"key":"R15-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.11.011","article-title":"Patterns of combustible tobacco use in U. S. young adults and potential response to graphic cigarette health warning labels","volume":"42","author":"Villanti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"R16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e039367","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039367","article-title":"Tobacco use patterns and attitudes in Singapore young male adults serving military national service: A qualitative study","volume":"10","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"R17-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2011.615739","article-title":"Patterns of tobacco use and tobacco-related psychiatric morbidity and substance use among middle-aged and older adults in the United States","volume":"16","author":"Blazer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"R18-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2021.1799","article-title":"Tobacco use and nicotine dependence among patients with diabetes and hypertension in Ballabgarh, India","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"},{"key":"R19-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4103\/ipj.ipj_14_17","article-title":"Prevalence and patterns of tobacco use and nicotine dependence among males industrial workers","volume":"26","author":"Divinakumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ind Psychiatry J"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_264_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:24:33Z","timestamp":1787768673000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_264_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_264_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2249-4863","2278-7135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2249-4863","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-7135","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-02-09","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-17","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}