{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T02:10:16Z","timestamp":1787969416028,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Family planning (FP) services are pivotal in assessing a country\u2019s healthcare efficacy. Despite India\u2019s strides in FP promotion, disparities persist in its utilization rates. This study analyzes Karnataka\u2019s FP trends by using National Family Health Survey (NFHS) rounds 4 and 5, comparing its indicators with national averages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective record review-based descriptive study design was employed. Data from NFHS-4 (2015\u201316) and NFHS-5 (2019\u201321) were analyzed using MS Excel 365. Key variables included age at marriage, total fertility rate (TFR), and various contraceptive methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Karnataka exhibited a stable rate of early marriages for women and a decline among men aged 25\u201329 years. TFR in Karnataka slightly decreased, with increased contraceptive usage and significant growth in modern contraceptive methods. However, male sterilization rates remained low. There was an improvement in health workers\u2019 engagement with female non-users and in providing information on contraceptive side effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While Karnataka has progressed in FP, challenges such as early marriages persist. Enhancing integration, leveraging technology, and empowering women are essential for comprehensive FP services in India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_281_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T14:00:37Z","timestamp":1725976837000},"page":"3918-3925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["From data to decisions: Exploring family planning services utilization in Karnataka and India through the prism of NFHS-4 and NFHS-5"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Namratha","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, KLE JGMMMC, Hubballi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Hubballi, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saurabh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, KLE JGMMMC, Hubballi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Hubballi, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavan P.","family":"Havaldar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Gadag Institute of Medical Sciences, Gadag, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"R7-20241104","first-page":"69","article-title":"Understanding factors associated with continuation of use of injectable contraceptives in Karnataka and Maharashtra, India: A cross-sectional household study [version 1;peer review: awaiting peer review] Gates Open Res","volume":"6","author":"Singal","year":"2022"},{"key":"R8-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-021-01220-w","article-title":"Modern contraceptive use among women in need of family planning in India: An analysis of the inequalities related to the mix of methods used","volume":"18","author":"Ewerling","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"R9-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_986_23","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practices of family planning methods among married women from a rural area of Jaipur, Rajasthan: An observational study","volume":"12","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R10-20241104","first-page":"48","article-title":"Non-acceptance of injectable contraceptives from antara clinic: A qualitative study in West Bengal, India","volume":"18","author":"Manna","year":"2019","journal-title":"IOSR J Dent Med Sci"},{"key":"R11-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2020.04.018","article-title":"Prevalence and pattern of contraceptive use and unmet need among women of reproductive age in urban Mysuru","volume":"8","author":"Doweraha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"R12-20241104"},{"key":"R18-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2012.06.014","article-title":"Incentives to promote family planning","volume":"55","author":"Heil","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prev Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_281_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:43:30Z","timestamp":1787067810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_281_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_281_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2249-4863","2278-7135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2249-4863","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-7135","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-22","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-29","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}