{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:27:29Z","timestamp":1787776049584,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant mental health issue affecting mothers globally, with varying prevalence across different settings. This study aimed to determine the magnitude and identify the risk factors for PPD among urban mothers in Jharkhand using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 270 postpartum women. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire. PPD was assessed using the EPDS, with a score of \u226510 indicating symptoms suggestive of PPD. Various sociodemographic, obstetric, and psychosocial factors were analyzed to determine their association with PPD using descriptive and inferential analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of PPD was 18.5% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 50). Unmarried and separated women had a higher prevalence of PPD (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Occupation played a role, with daily wage earners exhibiting a greater likelihood of PPD (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001). Other risk factors included dissatisfaction with living conditions (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), lower meal intake (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and reduced sleep (&lt;6 hours) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Pregnancy-related factors such as unplanned pregnancy (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.047), inadequate antenatal care (ANC) visits (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and complications like premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and fetal growth restrictions (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) were also significantly associated. Lack of partner support (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001), partner addiction (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.010), and a history of antepartum depression (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) further increased the risk.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study highlights a high prevalence of PPD, emphasizing the need for routine mental health screening and psychosocial interventions. Improving ANC, strengthening family and community support, and integrating mental health services into maternal healthcare could help mitigate the burden of PPD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_303_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T06:00:32Z","timestamp":1752904832000},"page":"2853-2860","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Mothers at risk of postpartum depression and its determinants: A perspective from the urban Jharkhand, India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Indrani","family":"Dutta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manipal Tata Medical College, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimple","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manipal Tata Medical College, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/00000446-200605000-00020","article-title":"Postpartum depression: It isn't just the blues","volume":"106","author":"Beck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Nurs"},{"key":"R3-20250804","first-page":"109","article-title":"Postpartum depression effect on child health and development","volume":"55","author":"Abdollahi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Med Iran"},{"key":"R4-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745506519844044","DOI":"10.1177\/1745506519844044","article-title":"Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes","volume":"15","author":"Slomian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Women's Health (Lond)"},{"key":"R5-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-7006(04)95451-6","article-title":"A study of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) on 859 mothers: Detection of mothers at risk for postpartum depression","volume":"30","author":"Teissedre","year":"2004","journal-title":"Encephale"},{"key":"R6-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30284-X","article-title":"Epidemiology of maternal depression, risk factors and child outcomes in lowincome and middleincome countries","volume":"3","author":"Gelaye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"R7-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.25259\/JNRP_584_2023","article-title":"Prevalence and associated risk factors of postpartum depression in India: A comprehensive review","volume":"15","author":"Panolan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurosci Rural Pract"},{"key":"R8-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.17.192237","article-title":"Postpartum depression in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"R9-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-016-1291-z","article-title":"Maternal mental health in primary care in five low- and middle-income countries: A situational analysis","volume":"16","author":"Baron","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"R10-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.029","article-title":"Predictors of maternal psychological distress in rural India: A cross-sectional community-based study","volume":"138","author":"Prost","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"R11-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)62042-0","article-title":"Effect of a participatory intervention with women's groups on birth outcomes and maternal depression in Jharkhand and Orissa, India: A cluster-randomised controlled trial","volume":"375","author":"Tripathy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R12-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.150.6.782","article-title":"Detection of postnatal depression. 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