{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T11:39:43Z","timestamp":1790854783415,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The association between different risk factors including smoking and hypertension is studied extensively; however, there is a paucity of literature with respect to association between smokeless tobacco use and hypertension in India. In the current study, the relationship between smokeless forms of tobacco use and hypertension is being investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study analyzed the data from fourth round of National Family Health Survey conducted during 2015\u20132016. Socio-demographic variables such as age, sex, education, wealth index, body mass index, smoked forms of tobacco use, and smokeless forms of tobacco like paan, gutkha, Khaini, etc., presence of co-morbidities were the independent variables. Hypertension was the dependent variable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It was observed from the present analysis that, smokeless tobacco use is a risk factor for hypertension both in the case of females OR-1.1**(1.08-1.13) as well as males OR-1.07**(1.03-1.1). The other predictors observed were overweight, consumption of alcohol, and diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It was concluded from the present study, that consumption of smokeless tobacco use acts as an independent risk factor for hypertension.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_318_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T07:34:07Z","timestamp":1666164847000},"page":"5785-5791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Predictors of hypertension among current smokeless tobacco users in India; analysis from the fourth round of National Family Health Survey (2015\u20132016)"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"G. S","family":"Vidya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garima","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeyashree","family":"Kathiresan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shreyans","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistician, Sir H.N. Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Center, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhur","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community\/Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bathinda, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonu","family":"Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20240828","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease as a leading cause of death:How are pharmacists getting involved?","volume":"8","author":"Namara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Integr Pharm Res Pract"},{"key":"B2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.4103\/2141-9248.149793","article-title":"Modifiable risk factors of hypertension and socio-demographic profile in Oghara, Delta State;Prevalence and correlates","volume":"5","author":"Ibekve","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Med Health Sci Res"},{"key":"B7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1959","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001959","article-title":"Prevalence of hypertension in low and middle income countries. 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