{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:17:09Z","timestamp":1790115429413,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transgender healthcare access is limited in India despite the availability of many healthcare professionals and tertiary care hospitals. We aimed to study the psycho-social, clinical, Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy (GAHT), and Gender-Affirming Surgical (GAS) procedure experience in a multi-specialty transgender clinic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is an ambispective cohort study conducted over 3 years and 5 months in gender incongruence persons, who wished to undergo GAHT and GAS procedures. All were treated with appropriate GAHT before undergoing GAS. The psychological aspects were assessed by the Gender Preoccupation and Stability Questionnaire (GPSQ) and Becks Depression Inventory Questionnaire (BDI) before and 6 months after GAHT and GAS procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 842 transgender individuals were studied. The mean age at presentation was 22 \u00b1 6 for transgender females and 21 \u00b1 5 for transgender males. A total of 220 GAS procedures were performed and the bilateral mastectomy was the most performed GAS procedure, in 65% (143 out of 220), followed by breast augmentation surgeries in 26% (59 out of 220). The other less commonly performed procedures were hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in 4% (9 out of 220), penectomy and orchidectomy in 2.2% (5 out of 220) and vaginoplasty in 1.8% (4 out of 220).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both GAHT and GAS procedures had improved the gender dysphoria and overall well-being of gender-incongruent individuals. The wide acceptance of transgender multi-speciality clinics is a convivial trend among transgender individuals to improve their healthcare access in India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_336_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:02:34Z","timestamp":1761742954000},"page":"4231-4236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Gender-affirming medical and surgical treatment experience in a multi-specialty transgender clinic from Tamil Nadu"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Subbiah","family":"Sridhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Madurai Medical College and Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinju","family":"Sankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Madurai Medical College and Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aram","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Madurai Medical College and Govt. Rajaji Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayathiri","family":"Murugan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Madurai Medical College and Govt. Rajaji Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gnanasekaran","family":"Thangavel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Madurai Medical College and Govt. Rajaji Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Govindaraju","family":"Amutha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Madurai Medical College and Govt. Rajaji Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Palaniappan","family":"Sreenivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Madurai Medical College and Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rathinavel","family":"Andiappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Former Dean, Madurai Medical College and Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00683-8","article-title":"Transgender people: Health at the margins of society","volume":"388","author":"Winter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"R4-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1080\/26895269.2022.2100644","article-title":"Standards of care for the health of transgender and gender diverse people, version 8","volume":"23","author":"Coleman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Transgend Health"},{"key":"R5-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20354","article-title":"Disorders related to sexuality and gender identity in the ICD-11: Revising the ICD-10 classification based on current scientific evidence, best clinical practices, and human rights considerations","volume":"15","author":"Reed","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"R6-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3869","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-01658","article-title":"Endocrine treatment of gender-dysphoric\/gender-incongruent persons: An Endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"102","author":"Hembree","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R7-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0199750","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199750","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in general and hospital population of the Dominican Republic","volume":"13","author":"Garc\u00eda-Batista","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R8-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.ijem_179_21","article-title":"\u201cCongruency the ART of being real\u201d - 46XY DSD due to 5 alfa reductase deficiency. Challenges in decision making","volume":"25","author":"Subbiah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R9-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_593_19","article-title":"IDEA Group Consensus Statement on medical management of adult gender incongruent individuals seeking gender reaffirmation as female","volume":"24","author":"Majumder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R10-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.ijem_410_22","article-title":"IDEA Group Consensus statement on medical management of adult gender incongruent individuals seeking gender affirmation as male","volume":"27","author":"Majumder","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R11-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_169_20","article-title":"An observational study of the quality of life among gender-incongruent individuals from the \u201chijra\u201d Community of India","volume":"24","author":"Majumder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Endocr Metab"},{"key":"R12-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_152_20","article-title":"Transsexualism in Hindu mythology","volume":"24","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R13-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.95676","article-title":"The eunuchs of India: An endocrine eye opener","volume":"16","author":"Kalra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R14-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3529","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_321_24","article-title":"Mental health challenges within the LGBTQ community: A societal imperative","volume":"13","author":"Shaikh","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R15-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_501_20","article-title":"Lives of gender incongruent community: An Indian subset chants \u201call is well\u201d","volume":"24","author":"Majumder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Endocr Metab"},{"key":"R16-20251105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.15223","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial comparing testosterone enanthate and testosterone undecanoate as a gender affirming hormonal therapy in trans males","volume":"103","author":"Sinju","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_336_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:25:38Z","timestamp":1787837138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_336_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_336_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2249-4863","2278-7135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2249-4863","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-7135","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-27","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-07","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}