{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:32:19Z","timestamp":1786739539689,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was undertaken to determine the characteristics of COVID-19 deaths during the second wave and to compare these characteristics with the mortality during the first wave in a dedicated COVID hospital (DCH).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It was a hospital record\u2013based descriptive study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was conducted in a tertiary care COVID hospital, using a standard death audit proforma. The data were analyzed to know various demographic characteristics and factors related to mortality during the second wave from March to June 2021. The findings were compared with the mortality data during the first wave from April to July 2020 at the same hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 264 deaths occurred at the center during the study period with a mortality rate of 22.8%. Male cases were more in number, the age group was 21\u201370 years, the highest number of mortality was seen in the mid of the study period, duration of stay was five days on average and common causes of death were pneumonia alone or with acute respiratory distress syndrome with sepsis. In comparison to the first wave, the mortality rate was four times higher, the age group was younger and opportunistic infections viz. mucormycosis and aspergillosis were present during the second wave.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mortality rate was significantly higher and the younger age groups were involved during the second wave, with opportunistic fungal infections due to the use of immunomodulators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_341_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T05:53:22Z","timestamp":1667973202000},"page":"6091-6095","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mortality analysis of COVID-19 cases during the second wave and its comparison with the first wave: A hospital-based study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Pooja","family":"Goyal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asit Kumar","family":"Sikary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruchi Arora","family":"Sachdeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lokesh","family":"Parashar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aamir","family":"Tarique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.18520\/cs\/v121\/i1\/85-93","article-title":"Characterization of the second wave of COVID-19 in India","volume":"121","author":"Ranjan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Sci"},{"key":"R2-20260527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25695","DOI":"10.2196\/25695","article-title":"Surveillance of the second wave of COVID-19 in Europe:Longitudinal trend analyses","volume":"7","author":"Post","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"key":"R3-20260527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100117","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.7.2100117","article-title":"Letter to the editor:Excess all-cause mortality during second wave of COVID-19 \u2013the Polish perspective","volume":"26","author":"Grabowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"R4-20260527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.05.018","article-title":"The current second wave and COVID-19 vaccination status in India","volume":"96","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"R7-20260527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_2063_20","article-title":"Are numbers deceptive? Is death auditing a solution for death analysis, among the COVID-19 deceased?: A study from a dedicated COVID-19 hospital in Faridabad, Haryana","volume":"10","author":"Goyal","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Fam Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R8-20260527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19788","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.16.06.19788-en","article-title":"The second wave of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) in New Zealand, January\u2013October 2010","volume":"16","author":"Bandaranayake","year":"2011","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"R9-20260527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.48161\/qaj.v1n4a74","article-title":"Second wave and pandemic situation of covid-(2020-2021) in Bangladesh","volume":"1","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Qubahan Acad J"},{"key":"R10-20260527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.05.009","article-title":"Differences between First wave and Second wave of COVID-19 in India","volume":"15","author":"Jain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"R11-20260527","first-page":"457","article-title":"Increased risk of death in covid-19 hospital admissions during the second wave as compared to the first epidemic wave. A prospective dynamic cohort study in South London, UK. Infection 2022","volume":"50","author":"Cusinato"},{"key":"R12-20260527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbr.2021.09.003","article-title":"The rise in cases of mucormycosis, candidiasis and aspergillosis amidst COVID19","volume":"38","author":"Ghosh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fungal Biol Rev"},{"key":"R13-20260527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2021.03.006","article-title":"Pulmonary aspergillosis and mucormycosis in a patient with COVID-19","volume":"32","author":"Johnson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Mycol Case Rep"},{"key":"R14-20260527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2709.210934","article-title":"Multicenter epidemiologic study of coronavirus disease\u2013associated mucormycosis, India","volume":"27","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_341_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T19:29:49Z","timestamp":1786735789000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_341_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_341_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["2249-4863","2278-7135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2249-4863","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-7135","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-02-10","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-10","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}