{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:40:38Z","timestamp":1787071238034,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urolithiasis is the most prevalent urinary tract disease, posing a global public health concern. The escalating prevalence and recurrence rates of urolithiasis are attributed to lifestyle modifications, such as reduced physical activity and dietary habits. This retrospective study aims to explore the risk factors associated with urolithiasis among individuals diagnosed with this condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective hospital-based study involving 60 participants meeting the inclusion criteria was conducted. The participants were selected through convenience sampling from the urology, nephrology, and medical wards at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital. Demographic variables were collected, and the risk factors were assessed using a checklist on one-to-one interviews.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study unveiled that most participants (68%) were male. Eighty percent of participants had the risk factor of decreased water intake, 74% consumed excess tomatoes, 56% had a history of recurrent urinary tract infections, 64% consumed an excessive amount of salt daily, 72% experienced a decreased urine output, 53% had a habit of alcohol consumption, and 45% included milk and milk products in their daily diet. A small percentage (5%) had a family history of urolithiasis. Additionally, 6% were undergoing Siddha treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings from this study underscore the significant factors contributing to urolithiasis. They can inform public health campaigns to raise awareness about lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, and hydration protocols contributing to kidney stone formation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_353_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T14:01:06Z","timestamp":1725976866000},"page":"3902-3905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Risk factors of urolithiasis: A hospital-based retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Thenmozhi","family":"Paluchamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Saveetha College of Nursing, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N Dilli","family":"Rani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Saveetha College of Nursing, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Bhuvaneswari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Nursing, Saveetha College of Nursing, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Tamilselvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Nursing, Saveetha College of Nursing, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20241104","first-page":"3068365","article-title":"Kidney stone disease: An update on current concepts","author":"Alelign","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Urol 2018"},{"key":"R3-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1978.53","article-title":"Physicochemical aspects of urolithiasis","volume":"13","author":"Finlayson","year":"1978","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R4-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-009-1116-y","article-title":"Physiopathology and etiology of stone formation in the kidney and the urinary tract","volume":"25","author":"Evan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"R5-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eursup.2010.11.006","article-title":"Epidemiology, pathogenesis and pathophysiology of urolithiasis","volume":"9","author":"Knoll","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Urol Suppl"},{"key":"R6-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-008-3489-z","article-title":"Growth inhibition of struvite crystals in the presence of herbal extract Commiphora wightii","volume":"20","author":"Chauhan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Mater Sci Mater Med"},{"key":"R7-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2015.208","article-title":"The elementome of calcium-based urinary stones and its role in urolithiasis","volume":"12","author":"Ramaswamy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"R8-20241104","first-page":"1232","article-title":"Inhibition of growth of urinary type calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate crystals by tartaric acid and tamarind","volume":"88","author":"Joseph","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cur Sci"},{"key":"R9-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0570285","article-title":"The effect of high animal protein intake on the risk of calcium stone-formation in the urinary tract","volume":"57","author":"Robertson","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"R10-20241104","first-page":"169","article-title":"Understanding epidemiology and etiologic factors of urolithiasis: An overview","volume":"13","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Vis"},{"key":"R11-20241104","first-page":"183","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of kidney stone","volume":"5","author":"Sofia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob J Res Anal"},{"key":"R12-20241104","first-page":"e86","article-title":"Kidney stones: A global picture of prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors","volume":"12","author":"Romero","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"key":"R13-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/16.11.2232","article-title":"Past history of nephrolithiasis and incidence of hypertension in men: A reappraisal based on the results of the Olivetti Prospective Heart Study","volume":"16","author":"Strazzullo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"R14-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.300.6734.1234","article-title":"Kidney stones and hypertension: Population based study of an independent clinical association","volume":"300","author":"Cappuccio","year":"1990","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R15-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.10651110","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease in kidney stone formers","volume":"6","author":"Rule","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R16-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03210312","article-title":"Urolithiasis and the risk of ESRD","volume":"7","author":"El-Zoghby","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R17-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.117","article-title":"Risk of chronic and end stage kidney disease in patients with nephrolithiasis","volume":"192","author":"Shoag","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R18-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0b013e32836214b9","article-title":"Nephrolithiasis and loss of kidney function","volume":"22","author":"Keddis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"R19-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-7-199704010-00001","article-title":"Comparison of dietary calcium with supplemental calcium and other nutrients as factors affecting the risk for kidney stones in women","volume":"126","author":"Curhan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R20-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68071-9","article-title":"Kidney stones: Pathophysiology and medical management","volume":"367","author":"Moe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R21-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.320","article-title":"Temporal trends in the incidence of kidney stone disease","volume":"83","author":"Edvardsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R22-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7796.164841","article-title":"Urinary stones in Eastern Saudi Arabia","volume":"8","author":"Alkhunaizi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urol Ann"},{"key":"R23-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.5414\/CN109313","article-title":"Kidney stone composition in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","volume":"89","author":"Amir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"R24-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000152578.07262.1c","article-title":"Time to development of symptomatic urinary calculi in a high risk environment","volume":"173","author":"Evans","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R25-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.4.455","article-title":"Obesity, weight gain, and the risk of kidney stones","volume":"293","author":"Taylor","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R26-20241104","first-page":"68","article-title":"Kidney stones and ceftriaxone","volume":"3","author":"Dursun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Med J Urol"},{"key":"R27-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2007.62","article-title":"The association of nephrolithiasis with hypertension and obesity: A review","volume":"21","author":"Obligado","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"R28-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47738","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047738","article-title":"Apocynin treatment reverses hyperoxaluria induced changes in NADPH oxidase system expression in rat kidneys: A transcriptional study","volume":"7","author":"Joshi","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R29-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302006000400027","article-title":"Renal stone disease: Causes, evaluation and medical treatment","volume":"50","author":"Heilberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"R30-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)38120-X","article-title":"A new model of nephrolithiasis involving tubular dysfunction injury","volume":"146","author":"Kumar","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R31-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-0232(02)00557-3","article-title":"Urinary analysis of nephrolithiasis markers","volume":"781","author":"Barbasa","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B"},{"key":"R32-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-023-01243-4","article-title":"Insights into risk factors for urolithiasis: A mendelian randomization study","volume":"23","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"key":"R33-20241104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-021-00905-5","article-title":"Risk factors of kidney stone disease: A cross-sectional study in the southeast of Iran","volume":"21","author":"Khalili","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Urol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_353_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:43:32Z","timestamp":1787067812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_353_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_353_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2249-4863","2278-7135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2249-4863","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-7135","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-03","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-23","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}