{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:24:52Z","timestamp":1791419092409,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Traditional dietary patterns of isolated indigenous populations have repeatedly demonstrated protective effects against non-communicable diseases (NCDs), yet most defined, named and operationalized protective dietary patterns originate from European or Western contexts. Here characterization of the traditional dietary pattern of the Pangwal and Bot (Bhot) communities of Pangi Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India hereinafter termed the, \u201cPangi Valley Diet (PVD)\u201d as a distinct, named, and scientifically grounded protective dietary pattern analogous to geographically bounded, ecologically constrained dietary pattern whose structural features parallel other cardio metabolic-protective traditional diets like the Mediterranean diet is being proposed. Drawing exclusively on existing ethnographic, nutritional, and ecological literature, this paper describes the compositional features of the PVD, maps its active bioactive constituents to known NCD-protective mechanisms, and proposes a preliminary scoring framework for its operationalisation in research and clinical contexts. The PVD is characterized by low-glycemic index whole grains, fermented foods, high-altitude yak and chauri dairy with favorable fatty acid profiles, wild edible plants with high antioxidant and phytochemical loads, near-zero refined carbohydrate and processed food content, and a naturally favorable sodium-to-potassium ratio. These features, emerging from ecological constraint and centuries of agro-pastoral adaptation rather than dietary prescription, collectively constitute a biologically plausible protective dietary pattern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_371_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T20:00:10Z","timestamp":1785182410000},"page":"2192-2196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Pangi Valley Diet: Characterizing a traditional Himalayan tribal dietary pattern with potential for non-communicable disease protection"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sunil Kumar","family":"Raina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Dr. RP Govt. Medical College, Tanda, Himachal Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114521002476","article-title":"Mediterranean diet scoring systems: Understanding the evolution and applications for Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean countries","volume":"128","author":"Hutchins-Wiese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"R2-20260803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.108.103424","article-title":"The development of the Mediterranean-style dietary pattern score and its application to the American diet in the Framingham Offspring Cohort","volume":"139","author":"Rumawas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"R3-20260803","first-page":"753289","article-title":"Uses of local plant biodiversity among the tribal communities of Pangi Valley of District Chamba in cold desert Himalaya, India","volume":"17","author":"Rana","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scientific World J"},{"key":"R4-20260803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.4103\/ijph.IJPH_509_19","article-title":"Are the Tribal highlanders protected from hypertension? A meta-analysis on prevalence of hypertension among high altitude tribal population of India","volume":"64","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Public Health"},{"key":"R5-20260803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.120494","article-title":"Identifying risk for dementia across populations: A study on the prevalence of dementia in tribal elderly population of Himalayan region in Northern India","volume":"16","author":"Raina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"key":"R6-20260803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.4103\/1947-2714.131243","article-title":"Is dementia differentially distributed? A study on the prevalence of dementia in migrant, urban, rural and tribal elderly population of Himalayan region in northern India","volume":"6","author":"Raina","year":"2014","journal-title":"North Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"R7-20260803","first-page":"380597","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its risk factors among permanently settled tribal individuals in tribal and urban areas in northern state of sub-Himalayan region of India","volume":"2014","author":"Kapoor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"R8-20260803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s44187-025-00448-w","article-title":"Traditional foods of Pangwal and Bhot communities: A cross-cultural comparison in Pangi Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India","volume":"5","author":"Bharti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov Food"},{"key":"R9-20260803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2011.00456.x","article-title":"Global nutrition transition and the pandemic of obesity in developing countries","volume":"70","author":"Popkin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"R10-20260803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s42779-024-00236-4","article-title":"Functional foods in the northwestern Himalayan Region of India and their significance: A healthy dietary tradition of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh","volume":"11","author":"Dwivedi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Ethn Food"},{"key":"R11-20260803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.22271\/tpi.2021.v10.i5l.6325","article-title":"Comprehensive review on sea buckthorn: Biological activity and its potential uses","volume":"10","author":"Shah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharma Innov"},{"key":"R12-20260803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.22271\/chemi.2020.v8.i3ai.9573","article-title":"Diversity, distribution and indigenous uses of wild edible plants used by the tribal community (Pangwal) in Pangi Valley, Chamba of Himachal Pradesh, North-Western Himalaya","volume":"8","author":"Prakash","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Chem Stud"},{"key":"R13-20260803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12112090","article-title":"Yak milk: Nutritional Value, functional activity, and current applications","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"R14-20260803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.36.4.251","article-title":"Blood pressure in a community at high altitude (3000m) at Pooh (North India)","volume":"36","author":"Dasgupta","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"R15-20260803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.33.6.596","article-title":"Marked improvement in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in diabetic Australian aborigines after temporary reversion to traditional lifestyle","volume":"33","author":"O\u2019Dea","year":"1984","journal-title":"Diabetes"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1745_26","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_371_26","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T13:06:48Z","timestamp":1785762408000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_371_26"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_371_26","relation":{},"ISSN":["2249-4863","2278-7135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2249-4863","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-7135","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-20","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-23","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}