{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T08:48:22Z","timestamp":1788598102843,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mitral stenosis (MS) is the most common valvular heart disease in developing countries where rheumatic fever is common. It is also more common in women. The normal mitral orifice is 4\u20135 square cm in area and the symptoms do not occur until the orifice area falls to below 2.0 square cm and usually below 1.5 square cm. The orifice area decreases by 0.1\u20130.3 square cm per year. Rarely, the dilatation of the left atrium may cause the symptoms of dysphagia from esophageal compression. Although cardiovascular dysphagia is rare, it should be considered in the case of mitral stenosis. The etiologies of mitral stenosis can be congenital, acquired, or iatrogenic. This case report presents a patient having dysphagia due to an enlarged left atrium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_378_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T05:57:47Z","timestamp":1598939867000},"page":"4415-4417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A patient with dysphagia"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Montasir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident Physician, Department of Medicine, TMSS Medical College, Bogura, Bangladesh, Bogura"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masudur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Medicine, TMSS Medical College, Bogura, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swapna R.","family":"Mondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Radiology and Imaging, TMSS Medical College, Bogura, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minhaz","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Registrar, Department of Medicine, TMSS Medical College, Bogura, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20260817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa024","article-title":"Dysphagia caused by giant left atrium","volume":"41","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"R3-20260817","first-page":"11","article-title":"Valvular heart disease in adults: Etiologies, classification, and diagnosis","volume":"457","author":"Hollenberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"FP Essent"},{"key":"R4-20260817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.14503\/THIJ-15-5682","article-title":"Giant left atrium causing dysphagia","volume":"43","author":"Gajanana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Texa Heart Inst J"},{"key":"R5-20260817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2013212","article-title":"An unusual case of dysphonia and dysphagia","volume":"55","author":"Arifputera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"R6-20260817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMicm1715321","article-title":"Severe mitral stenosis","volume":"379","author":"Imran","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R7-20260817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1005","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.10.59","article-title":"Dysphagia in the aging cardiovascular patient","volume":"9","author":"Mouawad","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"R8-20260817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000029210.14716.01","article-title":"Current evaluation and management of patients with mitral stenosis","volume":"106","author":"Rahimtoola","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_378_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:01:25Z","timestamp":1786986085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_378_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_378_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["2249-4863","2278-7135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2249-4863","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-7135","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-03-14","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-21","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}