{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:26:44Z","timestamp":1787776004302,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"\n A\n BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n <\/jats:title>\n \n Aim:<\/jats:title>\n The present study aimed to correlate the association between serum iron, serum ferritin, serum albumin, and Vitamin D with early childhood caries (ECC).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n This study was a single-blinded randomized control trial. A total of 200 children aged between 3\u20136 years were screened for ECC, according to the AAPD guidelines. Out of 200 children, a total of 177 children fulfilled the inclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups: Group 1 consisted of 99 children with ECC and Group 2 (control group) with 78 children. The decayed, extracted because of caries, and filled primary teeth (deft) index were recorded from these children. Blood samples (approximately 2 ml) were collected by an expert nurse in the morning to determine serum levels of iron, ferritin, albumin, and Vitamin D. The data was statistically analyzed using the Mann\u2013Whitney U test, and\n P<\/jats:italic>\n value 0.05 was considered significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The mean deft score was 4.83 (\u00b13.54). The mean value of serum iron was 64.66 (\u00b18.35) \u03bcg\/dl, serum albumin 3.88 (\u00b10.57) gm\/dl, and serum ferritin 29.19 (\u00b142.11) ng\/ml in ECC children, whereas mean serum iron was 67.78 (\u00b16.17), serum albumin 3.82 (\u00b10.62) gm\/dl, and serum ferritin 26.38 (\u00b123.04) ng\/ml in caries-free children. Statistically, no significant relationship was observed between serum iron (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.066), serum albumin (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.448), and serum ferritin (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.192) with ECC. The mean value of Vitamin D was 17.44 (\u00b17.59) ng\/ml in ECC children and 35.9 (\u00b19.56) in caries-free children who were significantly low in comparison with the non-ECC subjects (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.0001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n The present study suggests no relationship between serum iron, serum albumin, and serum ferritin with ECC, whereas Vitamin D had an inverse relationship with ECC.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Clinical Significance:<\/jats:title>\n This study sets a benchmark for the dental fraternity and other health specialists to analyze serum iron, serum ferritin, serum albumin, and Vitamin D levels, while generally treating pediatric patients with or without dental caries. Oral health education campaigns should be conducted for public awareness about the importance of iron, ferritin, albumin, and Vitamin D.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_402_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T09:02:53Z","timestamp":1736758973000},"page":"115-120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Early childhood caries and their association with serum iron, serum ferritin, serum albumin, and Vitamin D"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Vasundhara","family":"Megha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Kankarbagh, Patna, Bihar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeevendra Nath","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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