{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:36:40Z","timestamp":1792273000889,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n Nephrotic Syndrome is the commonest glomerular disease in children and is often characterized by multiple relapses. 24 hour urinary protein excretion is the accepted method used in quantification of proteinuria, but it's a time consuming, inconvenient and cumbersome method and difficult in very young children. Spot urine examination would be a simpler, easy, acceptable, and less time consuming method for detection of proteinuria in children.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim:<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the utility of protein: Creatinine ratio in random urine samples as a reliable diagnostic tool to quantify proteinuria and to determine the correlation of protein: Creatinine ratio to 24 hour protein excretion which is the gold standard reference method.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n The study was done on forty pediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome admitted in relapse, or presenting for the first time. Nephrotic syndrome was diagnosed on the basis of massive proteinuria (>40 mg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \/hr), hypoalbuminemia (<25 mg\/l) and generalized oedema. Urine protein analysis was done using the sulphosalicylic acid method and creatinine estimation by a modified Jaffe's method.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Result:<\/jats:title>\n \n The correation between spot protein and creatinine ratio and 24 hour proteinuria was statistically significant with\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.833 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01) using Pearsons correlation coefficient.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Spot protein creatinine ratio can be used as reliable test for detection of proteinuria in the pediatric age group in pateints with nephrotic syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_403_19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T02:14:05Z","timestamp":1564625645000},"page":"2343-2346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Correlation of spot urinary protein"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Richa","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kapil","family":"Bhalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjiv","family":"Nanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuchi","family":"Mehra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-30-20260109","first-page":"13","article-title":"Nephrotic syndrome in children","volume":"122","author":"Bagga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"R2-30-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4376","article-title":"AB0013 glomerular IL-4 signaling mediates foot process effacement and proteinuria in nephrotic syndromes","volume":"75","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R3-30-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)82881-1","article-title":"Quantitation of proteinuria with urinary protein\/creatinine ratios and random testing with dipsticks in nephrotic children","volume":"116","author":"Abitbol","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R4-30-20260109","first-page":"2490","article-title":"Nephrology-glomerular disease","volume":"2","author":"Pan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nelson Text Book of Pediatrics"},{"key":"R5-30-20260109","first-page":"2395","article-title":"Quantitation of proteinuria by spot urine sampling","volume":"3","author":"Pakhale","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Sci Eng Tech"},{"key":"R6-30-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(00)00181-9","article-title":"Urinary protein and albumin excretion corrected by creatinine and specific gravity","volume":"294","author":"Newman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"R7-30-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3282","DOI":"10.18410\/jebmh\/2018\/667","article-title":"Study evaluation of urine protein\/urine creatinine ratio for quantification of proteinuria in rapid and reliable diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Chakravarthy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Evid Based Med Healthc"},{"key":"R9-30-20260109","first-page":"2395","article-title":"Quantitation of proteinuria by spot urine sampling","volume":"3","author":"Pakhale","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Sci Eng Technol"},{"key":"R10-30-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1159\/000167583","article-title":"Estimation of quantitative proteinuria by using the protein\/creatinine ratio in random urine samples","volume":"8","author":"Kristal","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"R11-30-20260109","first-page":"2349","article-title":"A study of random urine protein to creatinine ratio in the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome in children","volume":"2","author":"Navale","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Contemp Pediatrics"},{"key":"R12-30-20260109","first-page":"86","article-title":"Quantitation of proteinuria by use of single random spot urine collection","volume":"91","author":"Chahar","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Indian Med Assoc"},{"key":"R13-30-20260109","first-page":"334","article-title":"Quantitation of proteinuria by urine protein\/creatinine ratio","volume":"31","author":"Shastri","year":"1994","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"R14-30-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198506133122404","article-title":"The hyperlipidemia of the nephrotic syndrome-relation to plasma albumin concentration, oncotic pressure, viscosity","volume":"312","author":"Appel","year":"1985","journal-title":"N Eng J Med"},{"key":"R15-30-20260109","first-page":"463","article-title":"Quantitation of proteinuria using protein-creatinine ratio in random urine samples","volume":"28","author":"Iyer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"R16-30-20260109","first-page":"443","article-title":"Comparison of 24-hour urinary protein and protein-to-creatinine ratio in the assessment of proteinuria","volume":"20","author":"Wahbeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl"},{"key":"R17-30-20260109","first-page":"105","article-title":"Estimation of 24-hour protein excretion from single random urine specimen","volume":"92","author":"Siwach","year":"1990","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01697686-201908070-00030","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:04:03Z","timestamp":1786647843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01697686-201908070-00030"}},"subtitle":["Creatinine ratio and quantitative proteinuria in pediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_403_19","relation":{},"ISSN":["2249-4863"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2249-4863","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}}}