{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:28:03Z","timestamp":1786739283399,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence rate of puerperal infection caused by uncommon pathogenic bacteria has risen. Thus, we sought to analyse uterine flora in patients of elective and non-elective caesarean section.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>(1) To compare uterine flora in elective and non-elective caesarean section. (2) To find the association of puerperal infection and neonatal sepsis with selected variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Settings and Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 150 elective and 150 non-elective caesarean cases were selected. Intraoperatively, soon after birth, a uterine swab and a placental tissue sample were collected and sent for bacterial culture testing. In addition to the uterine and placental findings, sociodemographic parameters were recorded and compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistical Analysis Used:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Positive uterine cultures were detected in 8.67% of elective and 21.33% of non-elective caesarean sections. Positive placental culture was found in 5.33% of elective and 12.00% of non-elective cases.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the most commonly found bacteria in positive uterine swab and placental tissue cultures. In the non-elective group, women with positive cultures had substantially more puerperal infections and neonatal sepsis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Collecting routine intrauterine cultures during elective and non-elective caesarean sections will be effective for detecting the type of bacteria and treatment. It will be better to counsel the patient for opting elective caesarean section prior to the onset of labour.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_416_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T06:00:23Z","timestamp":1752904823000},"page":"2897-2901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative analysis of uterine flora in pregnant women undergoing elective and non-elective caesarean section of central Uttar Pradesh, India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Swapnil","family":"Golus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyam Pyari","family":"Jaiswar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Mehrotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00901-0","article-title":"The microbiota continuum along the female reproductive tract and its relation to uterine-related diseases","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"R2-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12754","article-title":"A retrospective pilot study to determine whether the reproductive tract microbiota differs between women with a history of infertility and fertile women","volume":"58","author":"Wee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"R3-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12389","article-title":"Analysis of vaginal and endometrial microbiota communities in infertile women with a history of repeated implantation failure","volume":"20","author":"Ichiyama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod Med Biol"},{"key":"R4-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23129","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23129","article-title":"Human gut colonisation may be initiated in utero by distinct microbial communities in the placenta and amniotic fluid","volume":"6","author":"Collado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R6-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-021-01696-z","article-title":"Diagnosis of neonatal sepsis: The past, present and future","volume":"91","author":"Celik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"R7-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1478_22","article-title":"Updated BG Prasad's classification for the year 2022","volume":"12","author":"Pentapati","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R8-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2020.1789959","article-title":"Intrauterine bacterial growth in elective and non-elective caesarean sections","volume":"41","author":"Solt","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"R9-20250804","first-page":"787","article-title":"Uterine flora at cesarean and its relationship to postpartum endometritis","volume":"94","author":"Sherman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R10-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.04.011","article-title":"Routine uterine culture swab during cesarean section and its clinical correlations: A retrospective comparative study","volume":"249","author":"Sgayer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"R11-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(70)90365-0","article-title":"Isolation of pathogenic bacteria in the amniotic fluid during pregnancy and labor","volume":"106","author":"Prevedourakis","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R12-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1421933","article-title":"A clinical and Microbiological study of Puerperal sepsis in a tertiary care hospital in India","volume":"32","author":"Vanukuru","year":"2019","journal-title":"JMater Fetal Neonat Med"},{"key":"R13-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13630","article-title":"Clinical implications of uterine cultures obtained during urgent caesarean section","volume":"63","author":"Abu Shqara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"R14-20250804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651938","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.651938","article-title":"Microbial flora changes in cesarean section uterus and its possible correlation with inflammation","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_416_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T19:27:34Z","timestamp":1786735654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_416_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_416_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2249-4863","2278-7135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2249-4863","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-7135","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-12","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-29","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}