{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:13:18Z","timestamp":1791486798932,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vision is the main source of sensory information to the brain in most species of living and human beings and is one of the most important senses for the normal physical and mental development of children. Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is one of the leading causes of blindness and visual impairment worldwide. Refractive errors such as myopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia are common in premature infants with or without ROP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective cohort study was performed on the population of premature infants. Screening for Retinopathy of Prematurity in neonatal period was performed according to the protocol of ophthalmologic examination and between 4 and 6 weeks after birth by retinal specialist. The case group included 90 children with or without ROP during infancy. Primary and measurable outcomes in the studied children, including visual acuity, refractive errors, strabismus, and amblyopia, were assessed by an optician and retina ophthalmologist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our study, at the age of 5\u20136 years, 26.67% of case group and 48.89% of control group had visual impairment. Amblyopia 3.33%, strabismus 6.67% and refractive errors 16.67% were found in the case group. In control group amblyopia was reported 12.22%, strabismus 6.67%, and refractive errors 30%. In this study, visual impairment was higher in the control group than in the case group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Considering the high prevalence of visual impairment in the control group children who were all without ROP, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of careful visual examination of the children at a younger age and remind them of the importance of visual impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_528_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]],"date-time":"2020-09-27T08:49:53Z","timestamp":1601196593000},"page":"4582-4586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Ophthalmologic outcome of premature infants with or without retinopathy of prematurity at 5-6 years of age"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Seyed Ahmad","family":"Rasoulinejad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Development Unit of Rouhani Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parisa","family":"Pourdad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-Communicable Pediatric Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdollah","family":"Pourabdollah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optometry Ward Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afsaneh","family":"Arzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-Communicable Pediatric Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Geraili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Horrieh Yosefi","family":"Roshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nurse in Yahyanejad Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260813","first-page":"232","article-title":"Comparing visual perceptual skills among 8 to 10-year-old strabismal\/nonstrabismal cerebral palsy children","volume":"15","author":"Sayyadi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Kashan Univ Med 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