{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T05:42:04Z","timestamp":1792561324756,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bus drivers are one of the top three occupations with the highest prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs). The present study aimed to determine the pattern and prevalence of WRMSD among metropolitan bus transit drivers, whose job profiles differ from traditional long-distance bus drivers, and to explore the effect of modifiable lifestyle-related risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, consenting 254 metropolitan transit bus drivers (with at least five years of job duration) and 73 age-matched indoor desk job workers (administration staff of the same department) as a comparison group enrolled. Sociodemographic and occupational profile were collected on a semi-closed questionnaire. A modified Nordic questionnaire was used to determine musculoskeletal problems. Anthropometric measurement and haematocrit estimation were performed with standard techniques. All statistical analyses including logistic regression were performed with SPSS 26.0.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of WRMSDs among bus drivers was twice higher than administration staff (49.2% v\/s 28.8%). Drivers experienced significantly higher pain for the lower back (36.6% v\/s 11%), knee (29.5% v\/s 15.1%), and hip (7.5% v\/s 1.4%) in comparison with administration staff. Study reported age, tobacco usage, body mass index (BMI) and job profile of drivers (compared to administration staff) as significant predictors of WRMSDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>WRMSDs were significantly higher among metropolitan bus transit drivers in comparison with administrative staff. Furthermore, WRMSDs are strongly associated with tobacco use and BMI. These modifiable risk factors may be the targets for preventive strategies to reduce the burden of WRMSDs among bus drivers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_532_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T13:03:37Z","timestamp":1693227817000},"page":"1673-1678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) and its association with modifiable risk factors in metropolitan bus transit drivers: A cross-sectional comparison"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ankit","family":"Sheth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientist, Health Science Division (HSD), ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avinash","family":"Pagdhune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Tata Memorial Centre (TMC) \u2013 Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankit","family":"Viramgami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientist, Health Science Division (HSD), ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20240828","year":"2020","journal-title":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta"},{"key":"R3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.04.019","article-title":"Sedentary behavior and musculoskeletal pain: A five-year longitudinal Icelandic study","volume":"149","author":"Stefansdottir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"R4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S243","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnw002","article-title":"Musculoskeletal health conditions represent a global threat to healthy aging: A report for the 2015 World Health Organization World Report on Ageing and Health","volume":"56","author":"Briggs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"R5-20240828","year":"2019","journal-title":"Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMSDs) Statistics in Great Britain"},{"key":"R6-20240828","first-page":"53","article-title":"Analysis of work-related musculoskeletal pain in bus drivers-A cross-sectional study","volume":"7","author":"Geete","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Physiother Occup Ther"},{"key":"R7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130701220341","article-title":"Self-reported musculoskeletal problems amongst professional truck drivers","volume":"50","author":"Robb","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"R8-20240828","first-page":"432","article-title":"Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in truck drivers and official workers","volume":"53","author":"Mozafari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Med Iran"},{"key":"R9-20240828","first-page":"95","article-title":"Factors contributing to low back pain among professional drivers: A review of current literature and possible ergonomic controls","volume":"19","author":"Lyons","year":"2002","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"R10-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-007-9070-7","article-title":"Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in urban bus drivers of Hong Kong","volume":"17","author":"Szeto","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Occup Rehabil"},{"key":"R11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12150","DOI":"10.1002\/1348-9585.12150","article-title":"Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among professional drivers: A systematic review","volume":"62","author":"Joseph","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Occup Health"},{"key":"R12-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1080\/19338244.2010.486422","article-title":"Upper body quadrant pain in bus drivers","volume":"65","author":"Alperovitch-Najenson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Environ Occup Health"},{"key":"R13-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.4.575","article-title":"Knee pain and driving duration: A secondary analysis of the Taxi Drivers'Health Study","volume":"94","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"R14-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0260211","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260211","article-title":"Ergonomic assessment of work-related musculoskeletal disorder and its determinants among commercial mini bus drivers and driver assistants (mini bus conductors) in Nigeria","volume":"16","author":"Ekechukwu","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R15-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-8632.146603","article-title":"Morbidity profile of long distance truck drivers in Hyderabad city, India","volume":"3","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dr NTR Univ Health Sci"},{"key":"R16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoem.IJOEM_172_20","article-title":"Relation of Work Stressors and Work-related MSDs among Indian Heavy Vehicle Drivers","volume":"25","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R17-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.47203\/IJCH.2019.v31i01.025","article-title":"Modified BG Prasad socio-economic classification, update-2019","volume":"31","author":"Pandey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Community Health"},{"key":"R18-20240828","first-page":"163","article-title":"Consensus statement for diagnosis of obesity, abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome for Asian Indians and recommendations for physical activity, medical and surgical management","volume":"57","author":"Misra","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"R19-20240828","year":"2011","journal-title":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"R20-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(87)90010-X","article-title":"Standardised Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms","volume":"18","author":"Kuorinka","year":"1987","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"key":"R21-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/384279","article-title":"Predictors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among commercial minibus drivers in Accra Metropolis, Ghana","author":"Abledu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Epidemiol"},{"key":"R22-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1080\/19338244.2013.845139","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for low back pain among professional drivers in Kano, Nigeria","volume":"70","author":"Rufa'i","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Environ Occup Health"},{"key":"R23-20240828","author":"Goon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prevalence of low back pain in long distance truck drivers of mountainous terrain: na"},{"key":"R24-20240828","first-page":"53","article-title":"Study of occupational factors associated with low back pain in truck drivers of Nagpur City, India","volume":"1","author":"Amod","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Med Health Sci"},{"key":"R25-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322006000600003","article-title":"Study of the prevalence and risk factors for low back pain in truck drivers in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"61","author":"Andrusaitis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"R26-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.45.268","article-title":"The association between risk factors and low back pain among commercial vehicle drivers in peninsular Malaysia: A preliminary result","volume":"45","author":"Tamrin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"key":"R27-20240828","first-page":"89","article-title":"Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and health seeking behaviour among occupational drivers in Ibadan, Nigeria","volume":"14","author":"Akinpelu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr J Biomed Res"},{"key":"R28-20240828","first-page":"517259","article-title":"Occupational and personal determinants of musculoskeletal disorders among urban taxi drivers in Ghana","author":"Abledu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Sch Res Notices 2014"},{"key":"R29-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1177\/00187208211006500","article-title":"Causal relationship between the risk factors and work-related musculoskeletal disorders among professional drivers: A systematic review","volume":"65","author":"Joseph","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Factors"},{"key":"R30-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.112557","article-title":"Iron-deficiency sensitizes mice to acute pain stimuli and formalin-induced nociception","volume":"139","author":"Dowling","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"R31-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10496","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89842-9","article-title":"The risk of fibromyalgia in patients with iron deficiency anemia: A nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R32-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.4274\/tod.galenos.2020.93899","article-title":"Frequency of Anaemia in Patients with Musculoskeletal Pain","volume":"26","author":"Baygutalp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turkish J Osteoporosis\/Turk Osteoporoz Dergisi"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_532_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:26:40Z","timestamp":1786724800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_532_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_532_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2249-4863","2278-7135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2249-4863","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-7135","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-24","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-12","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}