{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:26:41Z","timestamp":1787758001974,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetes is influenced by changes in the body\u2019s iron levels. Because iron deficiency anemia is common in diabetes, this study examines the link between iron, glycemic control, and complication in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study is a cross-sectional study conducted from October 2019 to June 2020 at Najran university hospital in the Najran area, Saudi Arabia. All T2DM patients (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 201) during the study were recruited by simple random sampling. A checklist was completed to extract the study variables from each patient\u2019s medical record.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There is a positive poor correlation between hemoglobin (Hb) and diabetic foot (r = 0.186,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05), but not with other diabetic microvascular complications (i.e., retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy) or glycemic indicators fasting blood sugar, random blood sugar and hemoglobin A1C (i.e., FBS, RBS, and HbA1C). No link is found between ferritin and glycemic indicators or diabetic microvascular complications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study suggests that particular attention be paid to regular monitoring of iron levels before modifying the treatment plans for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. It raises critical inquiry about the reality of iron role in diabetes mellitus either in pathogenesis or treatment. It recommends accurately assessing body iron status with careful interpretation for better clinical judgment, encouraging large-scale and long-term epidemiological as well as interventional trials examining the effect of lowering iron in controlling glycemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_545_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T10:17:00Z","timestamp":1656584220000},"page":"2690-2694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Correlation of iron levels with glycemia and microvascular complications among type II diabetes mellitus patients in Najran university hospital"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Nasser","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eisa Y.","family":"Ghazwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awad M.","family":"Al-Qahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randah A.","family":"Elmahboub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.02.023","article-title":"IDF diabetes atlas:Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045","volume":"138","author":"Cho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"B2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2021.42.5.20200676","article-title":"Prevalence and reasons of increased type 2 diabetes in Gulf Cooperation council countries","volume":"42","author":"Aljulifi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"B3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4711-2","article-title":"Global trends in diabetes complications:A review of current evidence","volume":"62","author":"Harding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-S006","article-title":"6. Glycemic targets:Standards of medical care in diabetes-2018","volume":"41","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"B5-20240828","first-page":"S62","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus","volume":"32","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B6-20240828","first-page":"616","article-title":"HbAIc and factors other than diabetes mellitus affecting it","volume":"51","author":"Nitin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"B8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8371","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.916719","article-title":"Increased levels of glycated hemoglobin A1c and iron deficiency anemia:A review","volume":"25","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"B9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2020.107585","article-title":"Applications and pitfalls of hemoglobin A1C and alternative methods of glycemic monitoring","volume":"34","author":"Lundholm","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"B10-20240828","first-page":"21","article-title":"Prevalence of anemia among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in correlation with Hba1C levels a prospective study","volume":"5","author":"Valarmathil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Arch Integr Med"},{"key":"B11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2014.06.001","article-title":"Anaemia, a common but often unrecognized risk in diabetic patients:A review","volume":"41","author":"Angelousi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"B12-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12878-018-0132-1","article-title":"Effect of iron deficiency anemia on HbA1c in diabetic patients at Tikur Anbessa specialized teaching hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia","volume":"19","author":"Solomon","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Hematol"},{"key":"B13-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1159\/000079722","article-title":"Effect of iron deficiency anemia on the levels of hemoglobin A1c in nondiabetic patients","volume":"112","author":"Coban","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"key":"B14-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0836","article-title":"Association between iron deficiency and A1C Levels among adults without diabetes in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2006","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B15-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21298","article-title":"The measurement and importance of red cell survival","volume":"84","author":"Franco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"B16-20240828","first-page":"6756","article-title":"A literature review on the relationship between iron and zinc levels in diabetes mellitus and the effects of their supplementation","volume":"4","author":"Asiani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal):Humanit Soc Sci"},{"key":"B17-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0352","article-title":"A1C but not serum glycated albumin is elevated in late pregnancy owing to iron deficiency","volume":"31","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B18-20240828","first-page":"88","article-title":"Influence of iron deficiency anemia on hemoglobin A1c levels in diabetic individuals with controlled plasma glucose levels","volume":"18","author":"Christy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran Biomed J"},{"key":"B19-20240828","article-title":"Najran Hospital Annual Report","author":"Hospital","year":"2018","journal-title":"Najran University Publishing;Najran."},{"key":"B20-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4916","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-6012.ijrms20163791","article-title":"Evaluation of serum ferritin in in type II diabetes mellitus:A hospital based observational study from Dibrugarh, Assam, India","volume":"4","author":"Borah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"B21-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.02.007","article-title":"Iron and diabetes risk","volume":"17","author":"Simcox","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"B22-20240828","first-page":"S6","article-title":"Overview of iron metabolism in health and disease","volume":"21","author":"Dev","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hemodial Int"},{"key":"B23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2008.04.005","article-title":"The role of iron in type 2 diabetes in humans","volume":"1790","author":"Rajpathak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"B24-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104214","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/104214","article-title":"Presence and characterisation of anaemia in diabetic foot ulceration","volume":"2014","author":"Wright","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anemia"},{"key":"B25-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2835981","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2835981","article-title":"Association between hemoglobin levels and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes:A cross-sectional study using electronic health records","volume":"2017","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"B26-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.5.1118","article-title":"Anemia and diabetes in the absence of nephropathy","volume":"28","author":"Craig","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B27-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-591-P","article-title":"Anemia as a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy (DR) with special reference to nutritional etiology","volume":"67","author":"Idiculla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B28-20240828","first-page":"759","article-title":"Association between diabetic retinopathy and hemoglobin level","volume":"4","author":"Bahar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Caspian J Intern Med"},{"key":"B29-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5538","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23905-2","article-title":"High hemoglobin levels are associated with decreased risk of diabetic retinopathy in Korean type 2 diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B30-20240828","first-page":"509","article-title":"The relationships between hemoglobin and insulin resistance, glucose effectiveness, and first- and second-phase insulin secretion in adult Chinese","volume":"63","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B31-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-016-0921-6","article-title":"Investigation of the relationship between hemoglobin and serum iron levels and early-phase insulin secretion in non-diabetic subjects:Statistical and methodological issues","volume":"54","author":"Sani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"B32-20240828","first-page":"117","article-title":"Epidemiological associations between iron and cardiovascular disease and diabetes","volume":"5","author":"Basuli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B33-20240828","first-page":"142","article-title":"Serum ferritin in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its relationship witH HbA1c","volume":"42","author":"Sharifi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Med Iran"},{"key":"B34-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2394","article-title":"Ferritin levels and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus:An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective evidence","volume":"29","author":"Kunutsor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"B35-20240828","first-page":"945","article-title":"Elevated serum ferritin what should gps know?","volume":"41","author":"Goot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aust Fam Physician"},{"key":"B36-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3126\/ajms.v11i2.27296","article-title":"Assessment of serum ferritin level and its correlation with HbA1c in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"11","author":"Ramprasad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J Med Sci"},{"key":"B37-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e132","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-1633","article-title":"The role of iron in diabetes and its complications:Reponse to Swaminathan et al","volume":"30","author":"Targher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B38-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1081\/ERC-200027354","article-title":"Is serum ferritin high in patients with diabetic retinopathy?A controlled study","volume":"30","author":"Elis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocr Res"},{"key":"B39-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/714108","article-title":"Iron overload in diabetic retinopathy:A cause or a consequence of impaired mechanisms?","author":"Ciudin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Diabetes Res 2010"},{"key":"B40-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5813","article-title":"Iron homeostasis in peripheral nervous system, still a black box?","volume":"21","author":"Levi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"B41-20240828","first-page":"3423","article-title":"Neurotoxic effects of iron overload under high glucose concentration","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_545_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:01:07Z","timestamp":1787756467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_545_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_545_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["2249-4863","2278-7135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2249-4863","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-7135","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-03-21","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-23","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}