{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:34:51Z","timestamp":1787070891337,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the present study was to assess the egg quality, food safety, and hygiene practices in egg production among commercial and non-commercial farms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of six, each commercial and non-commercial farm, were randomly selected form Barwala district, Panchkula, Haryana, for this study in 2019. A detailed interview on hygiene practices of farm workers was conducted. Egg samples were procured for external (N = 60) and internal (N = 24) egg quality determination. The swap samples (N = 24) were also analysed for bacterial contamination. Descriptive statistics were used for reporting the results, and Chi-square test was conducted for determining significant differences between commercial and non-commercial farms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The egg yolk percentage (34.49%) and egg shell percentage (12.76) were higher among non-commercial farms. However, no significant external (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.890) or internal (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.367) egg quality difference was found between commercial and non-commercial farms. The biosecurity and disinfection management, daily waste disposal practice, fly and rodent control practice, farm activity record, and flock health monitoring were relatively better among commercial farms. There were no significant differences found in any of these assessments. The colony forming units (cfu) for salmonella and coliform were acceptable in three and four procured samples from commercial farms, respectively, whereas none were within acceptable levels among non-commercial farms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The internal egg quality, food safety, and hygiene practices were relatively better among commercial farms as compared to non-commercial farms. This requires further validation through a large sample-sized study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_591_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]],"date-time":"2024-11-16T04:01:57Z","timestamp":1731729717000},"page":"4949-4956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessment of egg quality, food safety, and hygiene practices among commercial and non-commercial farms of Barwala district of Panchkula, Haryana"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Rachana","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pritam","family":"Halder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poonam","family":"Khanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savitesh","family":"Kushwaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250129","first-page":"385","article-title":"The nutritional value of eggs","volume":"17","author":"Nys","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prod Anim"},{"key":"R3-20250129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/80.7.855","article-title":"Effect of breed and age of hens on the yolk to albumen ratio in two different genetic stocks","volume":"80","author":"Suk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"R5-20250129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2141\/jpsa.41.1","article-title":"Biologically active hen egg components in human health and disease","volume":"41","author":"Mine","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Poult Sci"},{"key":"R7-20250129","first-page":"89","article-title":"An overview of poultry production in India","volume":"54","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Anim Hlth"},{"key":"R8-20250129","year":"2021","journal-title":"Refresher Training programme (RTP) on poultry management"},{"key":"R10-20250129","first-page":"36","article-title":"Backyard poultry farming and rural food security","volume":"59","author":"Sharma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian Farm"},{"key":"R11-20250129","article-title":"Livestock to 2020:The next food revolution","author":"Delgado","year":"1999","journal-title":"Food, Agriculture, and the Environment Discussion Paper 28, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC,"},{"key":"R12-20250129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12692\/ijb\/10.2.1-5","article-title":"Comparative study of egg quality traits in local breeds and commercial lines of chickens","volume":"10","author":"Islam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Biosci"},{"key":"R13-20250129","first-page":"2542","article-title":"Comparison of village eggs and commercial eggs in terms of egg quality","volume":"8","author":"Cicek","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Anim Vet Adv"},{"key":"R14-20250129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2008.579.585","article-title":"Productivity and egg quality characteristics of free range naked neck and normal feathered Nigerian indigenous chickens","volume":"7","author":"Yakubu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Poult Sci"},{"key":"R15-20250129","article-title":"Influence of Limestone Particle Size in Layer Diets on Shell Characteristics at Peak Production","author":"Boitumelo","year":"2004","journal-title":"University of the Free State"},{"key":"R17-20250129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0720594","article-title":"1993. Effect of age on the yolk to albumen ratio in chicken eggs","volume":"72","author":"Hussein","year":"1993","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"R18-20250129","first-page":"211","article-title":"Study on the egg quality of a breed and three crossbreds at various ages under semi scavenging system of management","volume":"28","author":"Zaman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pak J Biol Sci"},{"key":"R20-20250129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cofs.2020.10.022","article-title":"Microbial quality, safety and storage of eggs","volume":"38","author":"Chousalkar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Food Sci"},{"key":"R21-20250129","first-page":"77","article-title":"An analysis of bacterial contamination of chicken eggs and antimicrobial resistance. Celebrating Scholarship and Creativity Day","author":"Spitzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_591_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:38:21Z","timestamp":1787067501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_591_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_591_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2249-4863","2278-7135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2249-4863","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-7135","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-09","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-05","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}