{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:41:48Z","timestamp":1791830508075,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Caroverine is an antagonist of non-NMDA and NMDA glutamate receptors. Cochlear synaptic tinnitus arises from a synaptic disturbance of NMDA or non-NMDA receptors on the afferent dendrites of spiral ganglion neurons. This forms a basis for the use of caroverine in the treatment of tinnitus. Hence, the present study was carried out to find the effect of oral caroverine in the treatment of tinnitus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This quasi-experimental study was carried out on sixty consecutive patients of tinnitus. Thirty patients were given the usual standard of care consisting of Tab. Cinnarizine 25mg twice daily along with fixed dose combination Cap. B-complex and Ginkgo biloba once daily for ninety days and thirty patients were given Cap. Caroverine 40mg, twice daily for ninety days. Outcome assessment was done using the tinnitus case history questionnaire, tinnitus handicap inventory score, and VAS. The data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism Trial Version. A\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value \u2264 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a significant improvement in the tinnitus case history questionnaire score at 90 days in patients suffering from mild tinnitus when treated with caroverine. There was a larger decrease in the tinnitus handicap inventory score at 90 days of treatment in the caroverine-treated patients. The median VAS showed an improvement in the caroverine-treated group. The overall reduction in tinnitus in the caroverine-treated group was 53.3% with an odds ratio, 95% CI of 0.375 (0.12-1.08).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral caroverine was found to be better than the usual standard of care in reducing mild cochlear synaptic tinnitus. It also improved sensory\u2013neural hearing loss during the treatment period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_617_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T01:02:27Z","timestamp":1729213347000},"page":"4648-4651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of oral caroverine in the treatment of tinnitus: A quasi-experimental study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Anil K.","family":"Dash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, FMMCH, Balasore, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abinash","family":"Panda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, JKMCH, Jajpur, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilamadhaba","family":"Prusty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, FMMCH, Balasore, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manas R.","family":"Satpathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, FMMCH, Balasore, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasmita K.","family":"Bisoyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, MKCG Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasanjit A.","family":"Barik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, FMMCH, Balasore, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250114","first-page":"663","article-title":"Tinnitus: Diagnosis and management","volume":"103","author":"Dalrymple","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"R2-20250114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S213136","article-title":"A study on the epidemiology of tinnitus in the United Kingdom","volume":"11","author":"Stohler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"R3-20250114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0102(90)90031-9","article-title":"Phantom auditory perception (tinnitus): Mechanisms of generation and perception","volume":"8","author":"Jastreboff","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"key":"R4-20250114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.5540751013","article-title":"Subjective head noises. 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